Tegumentary leishmaniasis in the State of Amazonas: what have we learned and what do we need?

Guerra, Jorge Augusto de Oliveira; Maciel, Marcel Gonçalves; Guerra, Marcus Vinitius de Farias; Talhari, Anette C.; Prestes, Suzane Ribeiro; Fernandes, Marcos; Da‐Cruz, Alda Maria; Martins, A. Viana; Coelho, Leila Inês de Aguiar Raposo Câmara; Romero, Gustavo Adolfo Sierra; Barbosa, Maria das Graças Vale

doi:10.1590/0037-8682-0268-2013

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Given the high rate of occurrence of ACL in rural areas in all micro-regions, it can be deduced that the disease is related to forestry and farming activities. The human interaction with the forest has been associated with a high risk of infection by Leishmania , known as the forest/sylvatic cycle of ACL [24]. This is the main profile of the disease transmission in these micro-regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be seen by the endemic character of the disease in children, women, and the elderly. The greater homogeneity existing between the groups of females of all ages probably occurred because women are less exposed than men to activities undertaken in forests [24, 25]. However, it is reaffirmed there are two patterns of transmission in these micro-regions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, domestic animals such dogs and cats may act as secondary reservoirs of the etiological agents of ACL in their domiciliary and peridomiciliary environments where vectors may become infected by Leishmania spp. when biting these domestic animals [24]. Further, in this context, the chances of humans coming into contact with vectors may be amplified due to increases in their population density as a result of a great number of available food sources (represented by domestic and synanthropic animals).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Brazil

2017

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BackgroundAcre has reported the highest incidence of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) in Brazil in recent years. The present study seeks to identify high and low risk agglomerations of ACL in space and space-time during the period from 2007 to 2013 in Acre, and also to characterize the occurrence of the disease in time and according to sociodemographic variables.MethodsThis is an ecological study, the study population of which consisted of autochthonous ACL cases notified in the municipalities of Acre by an epidemiological surveillance system. Scan statistics of SaTScan™ software were used to identify spatial and space-time clusters. In addition, the cases were characterized by sex, age, home situation (in a rural or urban area), and temporal tendency.ResultsAcre reported an incidence rate of 12.4 cases per 10 000 inhabitant-years in the study period, with the rates varied greatly (standard deviation of 21.8) among their 22 municipalities. One agglomeration of high risk and three of low risk were detected in space and space-time. Four of the five micro-regions of Acre presented a stationary temporal tendency. The profile of transmission varied according to the micro-region. Generally speaking, the disease occurred more often among young people, those of male gender, and those living in rural areas.ConclusionsAcre has stood out within the Brazilian national context due to its high rates of ACL incidence in the central region of the Acre Valley. The high rates in the micro-region of Brasiléia are related to the disease’s intra/peridomiciliary occurrence, and it would seem that the municipality of Sena Madureira is approaching a transmission pattern similar to that of Brasiléia. In other micro-regions, the profile of the disease’s transmission is mainly related to the forest/sylvatic cycle of ACL.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40249-017-0311-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial and temporal distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Brazil

2017

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“…Environmental changes generated by the urbanisation, agriculture, road construction, logging, mining and hydroelectric construction have been associated with the occurrence of diseases in several places, including Brazil [7][8][9][10][11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of deforestation on American cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence: spatial‐temporal distribution, environmental and socioeconomic factors associated in the Brazilian Amazon

Rodrigues

Brito-Sousa

Dias

et al. 2019

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objective To analyse the temporal and spatial distribution as well as the environmental and socioeconomic factors associated with cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence in the state of Amazonas, Brazil from 2007 to 2015. Methods Spatial and temporal distribution was evaluated from sequential thematic maps of the mean incidence rates of the disease. A negative binomial regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association of the factors studied with the mean incidence rate of ACL. Results The average proportion of deforestation was negatively associated with the average incidence rate of cutaneous leishmaniasis in municipalities (β = −2.178; P = 0.019; 95%CI −3.996, −0.361), and the health system performance index (effectiveness) (β = −0.852; P = 0.008; 95%CI −1.481, −0.225). Conversely, the municipal human development index (MHDI) was a factor positively related to the average incidence among the municipalities (β = 7.728; P = 0.003; 95%CI 2.716, 12.738). Conclusion Our study shows the important impact of socioeconomic and environmental factors on ACL incidence in the Amazonas State.

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“…This represents a major paradigm shift which clearly reflects the epidemiological transition currently occurring not only in Brazil, but also in other tropical areas (7) . Guerra et al (8) in a long historical series on the seasonal behavior of leishmaniasis which included at least one major epidemic, demonstrate the vulnerability of the Amazonas state's population to an illness that is also linked to activities related to the use and exploitation of the environment and highlights the need to identify strategies for prevention of this disease (8) .…”

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confidence: 99%

Epidemiological transition of tropical diseases in the Brazilian Amazon

Lacerda

Romero

2015

Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop.

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Tegumentary leishmaniasis in the State of Amazonas: what have we learned and what do we need?

Cited by 38 publications

References 18 publications

Spatial and temporal distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Brazil

Spatial and temporal distribution of American cutaneous leishmaniasis in Acre state, Brazil

The role of deforestation on American cutaneous leishmaniasis incidence: spatial‐temporal distribution, environmental and socioeconomic factors associated in the Brazilian Amazon

Epidemiological transition of tropical diseases in the Brazilian Amazon

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