“…For example, establishing a rapid response team for thoracic injuries in a tertiary hospital in Thailand reduced mortality (28), while the implementation of a telemedicine specialist program between the USA and two Armenian and Russian Federation medical centers immediately after disaster situations improved the accuracy of diagnoses and treatment plans (46).…”
Section: Specialty Care Availabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reynolds et al Process (3,5,6,9,12,13,14,15,20,21,46,50,53,54,57,64,67,68,69,71,86,93,103) 23 (32) Clinical or population health outcome (3,4,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,22,23,24,28,29,35,36,41,42,43,45,48,49,53,54,57,59,60,61,64,…”
Injury is a leading cause of death globally, and organized trauma care systems have been shown to save lives. However, even though most injuries occur in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), most trauma care research comes from high-income countries where systems have been implemented with few resource constraints. Little context-relevant guidance exists to help policy makers set priorities in LMICs, where resources are limited and where trauma care may be implemented in distinct ways. We have aimed to review the evidence on the impact of trauma care systems in LMICs through a systematic search of 11 databases. Reports were categorized by intervention and outcome type and summarized. Of 4,284 records retrieved, 71 reports from 32 countries met inclusion criteria. Training, prehospital systems, and overall system organization were the most commonly reported interventions. Quality-improvement, costing, rehabilitation, and legislation and governance were relatively neglected areas. Included reports may inform trauma care system planning in LMICs, and noted gaps may guide research and funding agendas.
“…For example, establishing a rapid response team for thoracic injuries in a tertiary hospital in Thailand reduced mortality (28), while the implementation of a telemedicine specialist program between the USA and two Armenian and Russian Federation medical centers immediately after disaster situations improved the accuracy of diagnoses and treatment plans (46).…”
Section: Specialty Care Availabilitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reynolds et al Process (3,5,6,9,12,13,14,15,20,21,46,50,53,54,57,64,67,68,69,71,86,93,103) 23 (32) Clinical or population health outcome (3,4,12,14,15,16,17,18,19,22,23,24,28,29,35,36,41,42,43,45,48,49,53,54,57,59,60,61,64,…”
Injury is a leading cause of death globally, and organized trauma care systems have been shown to save lives. However, even though most injuries occur in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs), most trauma care research comes from high-income countries where systems have been implemented with few resource constraints. Little context-relevant guidance exists to help policy makers set priorities in LMICs, where resources are limited and where trauma care may be implemented in distinct ways. We have aimed to review the evidence on the impact of trauma care systems in LMICs through a systematic search of 11 databases. Reports were categorized by intervention and outcome type and summarized. Of 4,284 records retrieved, 71 reports from 32 countries met inclusion criteria. Training, prehospital systems, and overall system organization were the most commonly reported interventions. Quality-improvement, costing, rehabilitation, and legislation and governance were relatively neglected areas. Included reports may inform trauma care system planning in LMICs, and noted gaps may guide research and funding agendas.
“…The tempo of interactive audio-video teleconferencing accentuates the importance of accurately identifying the required data beforemand smoothly acquiring and recording that data during the online interaction. 2 Second, telemedicine will accelerate the incorporation into medical practice of newer modalities of communication. These include interactive audio-video teleconferencing to connect individuals, high speed computer networks to transfer textual and numerical and graphical data, and even teleoperator and virtual reality systems to facilitate electromeehanical manipulations remotely.…”
Section: Familiar Protocols and Standards That Impact Telemedicinementioning
Telemedicine is likely to adopt rather than create most of its protocols and standards as it becomes an integral part of medical practice. To optimize this process, it will be necessary to understand how to use existing protocols and standards, and influence the development, evaluation, and modification of new ones. We have identified key participants in standards setting activities under the titles of international government, United States government, professional certifying organizations, and independent institutes. We have reviewed their roles in establishing standards for identification of patients and providers, content and structure of patient records, terminology and codes of medical information and records, and transfer of messages and data. We have addressed requirements for storing and viewing images, the impact of image resolution on accuracy of clinical interpretation, the choice of communications protocols to satisfy transmission requirements, the need to link images and text data, and the evaluation of telemedicine systems.
“…With this technology even the smallest town or facility could have access to every specialist and sub-specialist without leaving their community; and (4) Facilitate access to medical literature. 54 Although the above uses of telemedicine can be very useful and beneficial to the medical community, they will not provide the maximum benefit. Tele-education has not been very successful for the busy rural physician who finds it very difficult to break away for a program which has only one or two bits of information that are new or useful to him.…”
Section: Telemedicine's Enhancement Of Medical Information Systemsmentioning
The role of medical informatics in telemedicine is dependent on using the power of the computerized database to not only feed patient specific information to the health care providers, but to use the epidemiological and statistical information in the data base to improve decision making and ultimately care. The computer is also a powerful tool to facilitate standardizing and monitoring of care and when applied in continuous quality improvement methodology it can enhance the improvement process well beyond what can be done by hand. The coupling of medical informatics with telemedicine allows sophisticated medical informatics systems to be applied in low population density and remote areas.
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