Telepathology: Design of a Modular System

Brauchli, Kurt; Christen, H.; Meyer, Patrick; Haroske, G.; Meyer, W.; Kunze, K.D.; Otto, Rodrigo B.; Oberholzer, M.

doi:10.1155/2000/745703

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…An example of such services is the iPath software suite, which allows for the delivery of store-and-forward telemedicine cases to a Web server, where discussions about the cases may occur in an interactive way. 26…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prerecorded telemedicine

Mea

2005

J Telemed Telecare

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In prerecorded telemedicine (also known as asynchronous or store-and-forward), the person sending the information and the person receiving it do not need to do so simultaneously; thus, viewing the information can be done at some later time. Prerecorded telemedicine is therefore not appropriate for emergency consultations. In prerecorded telemedicine systems, the following steps can be distinguished: (1) the acquisition of diagnostic information at the remote site; (2) its storage, which can be at either site, or at both; (3) its delivery to the expert site through an appropriate connection; and (4) its display at the expert site. The types of information transferred include audio, data and text, still images and moving images (i.e. video). An increasingly common way of doing prerecorded telemedicine is by email sent via the Internet. Although there are some problems associated with the Internet, its wide availability and low cost have encouraged its use. Examples where email has been used successfully include teleradiology, telecardiology, teledermatology and telepathology. In some situations prerecorded telemedicine is the only way to provide remote medical services, or the most cost-effective method. Clearly, there are also situations when prerecorded telemedicine is not an appropriate way to deliver health services, for example whenever the sender of the information is not qualified to sample the information acquired or the specialist receiving the information must manipulate it, during acquisition, in some way.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prerecorded telemedicine

Mea

2005

J Telemed Telecare

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“…The development of the Internet has facilitated expert consultation in pathology [1][2][3][4][5] . Generalized, open systems form the basis of telepathology services [3][4][5][6][7] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Teleconsultation in diagnostic pathology: experience from Iran and Germany with the use of two European telepathology servers

et al. 2004

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Eighty pathology cases were sent independently to each of two telepathology servers. Cases were submitted from the Department of Pathology at the University of Kerman in Iran (40 cases) and from the Institute of Pathology in Berlin, Germany (40 cases). The telepathology servers were located in Berlin (the UICC server) and Basel in Switzerland (the iPATH server). A scoring system was developed to quantify the differences between the diagnoses of the referring pathologist and the remote expert. Preparation of the cases, as well as the submission of images, took considerably longer from Kerman than from Berlin; this was independent of the server system. The Kerman delay was mainly associated with a slower transmission rate and longer image preparation. The diagnostic gap between referrers' and experts' diagnoses was greater with the iPATH system, but not significantly so. The experts' response time was considerably shorter for the iPATH system. The results showed that telepathology is feasible for requesting pathologists working in a developing country or in an industrialized country. The key factor in the quality of the service is the work of the experts: they should be selected according to their diagnostic expertise, and their commitment to the provision of telepathology services is critical.

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“…As no internet server can be fully secured, it should again be stressed here that any data that could be used to identify patients should not be stored on the Internet. If sensitive data are needed along with the images, a simple but reliable solution is the use of a different, secure transport medium, such as spoken language over the telephone or encrypted e‐mail (encrypted with PGP10).…”

Section: A Way Out: Distributed System For Telemicroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) in cancer

Liu

Phang

2012

BioFactors

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Proline dehydrogenase (oxidase, PRODH/POX), the first enzyme in the proline degradative pathway, plays a special role in tumorigenesis and tumor development. Proline metabolism catalyzed by PRODH/POX is closely linked with the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and urea cycle. The proline cycle formed by the interconversion of proline and Δ(1) -pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C) between mitochondria and cytosol interlocks with pentose phosphate pathway. Importantly, by catalyzing proline to P5C, PRODH/POX donates electrons into the electron transport chain to generate ROS or ATP. In earlier studies, we found that PRODH/POX functions as a tumor suppressor to initiate apoptosis, inhibit tumor growth, and block the cell cycle, all by ROS signaling. It also suppresses hypoxia inducible factor signaling by increasing α-ketoglutarate. During tumor progression, PRODH/POX is under the control of various tumor-associated factors, such as tumor suppressor p53, inflammatory factor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), onco-miRNA miR-23b*, and oncogenic transcription factor c-MYC. Recent studies revealed the two-sided features of PRODH/POX-mediated regulation. Under metabolic stress such as oxygen and glucose deprivation, PRODH/POX can be induced to serve as a tumor survival factor through ATP production or ROS-induced autophagy. The paradoxical roles of PRODH/POX can be understood considering the temporal and spatial context of the tumor. Further studies will provide additional insights into this protein and on its metabolic effects in tumors, which may lead to new therapeutic strategies.

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Telepathology: Design of a Modular System

Cited by 11 publications

References 12 publications

Prerecorded telemedicine

Prerecorded telemedicine

Teleconsultation in diagnostic pathology: experience from Iran and Germany with the use of two European telepathology servers

Proline dehydrogenase (oxidase) in cancer

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