An approach to providing medical care by telephone is described and its content and quality assessed by means of an outcome study. Pediatric health assistants have been trained to evaluate, triage and offer home management advice in lieu of an office visit for medical problems presented by parents via telephone. During a four-week study period, data were collected on all calls (N = 2520) using a telephone encounter form. Fifty-nine per cent of all calls involved requests for care of illness, 30 per cent of which were independently handled by the health assistant. Quality of care was evaluated for those cases who received Solutions to problems in providing medical care by telephone have been neglected. Physicians frequently delegate this critical responsibility to a variety of assistants whose performance is rarely subject to evaluation. Pediatricians traditionally receive the highest volume of request for services which are initiated by telephone. Previous telephone studies of our group practice confirmed that the majority of reported problems on nights and weekends could be managed at home.1' 2 Therefore, in response to increasing telephone utilization by patients we developed a telephone care system in 1971 whose goals were to increase the capacity for home management by delegating the functions of both telephone triage and personal home care advice to trained pediatric health assistants (PHAs) working under physician supervision, and to maximize direct physician and pediatric nurse practitioner (PNP) contact with patients by decreasing time spent on the telephone. As our practice expanded, parents began to question who was administering advice and how the PHAs were trained. These questions stimulated the need to examine critically this aspect of our practice. The strategy for approaching this included two stages. April 25, 1977, was revised and accepted for publication July 19, 1977. advice in home management by means of a seven day follow-up interview with parents (N = 247). Access, parent satisfaction, residual symptoms, and the need for further care were ascertained. Greater than 90 percent of parents expressed satisfaction and 92 per cent of problems had resolved. Results indicate that this telephone care system can effectively sort out and advise parents in home management for the many minor problems which occur in a pediatric practice, thereby increasing time for direct contact with patients. (Am. J. Public Health 68: [31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] 1978).health assistants raised serious questions about the quality of telephone care being provided, alternatives were to be defined and subjected to a randomized trial. Results of the first stage demonstrated high levels of quality among PHAs and a move into the next stage became unnecessary. This investigation reports: 1) an analysis of total telephone care activity and 2) an evaluation of the quality of care provided for problems managed independently by the PHA. Access, outcome of the problem managed, and parent satisfaction are the variab...