Television viewing associates with delayed language development

Chonchaiya, Weerasak; Pruksananonda, Chandhita

doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.2008.00831.x

Cited by 223 publications

(203 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the short-term, children younger than 2 years who watch more television or videos have expressive language delays, 12,43,44 and children younger than 1 year with heavy television viewing who are watching alone have a significantly higher chance of having a language delay. 44 Although the long-term effects on language skills remain unknown, the evidence of short-term effects is concerning.…”

Section: Developmental Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years

Brown¹,

Mulligan²,

Altmann³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

345

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In 1999, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) issued a policy statement addressing media use in children. The purpose of that statement was to educate parents about the effects that media—both the amount and the content—may have on children. In one part of that statement, the AAP recommended that “pediatricians should urge parents to avoid television viewing for children under the age of two years.” The wording of the policy specifically discouraged media use in this age group, although it is frequently misquoted by media outlets as no media exposure in this age group. The AAP believed that there were significantly more potential negative effects of media than positive ones for this age group and, thus, advised families to thoughtfully consider media use for infants. This policy statement reaffirms the 1999 statement with respect to media use in infants and children younger than 2 years and provides updated research findings to support it. This statement addresses (1) the lack of evidence supporting educational or developmental benefits for media use by children younger than 2 years, (2) the potential adverse health and developmental effects of media use by children younger than 2 years, and (3) adverse effects of parental media use (background media) on children younger than 2 years.

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Section: Developmental Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years

Brown¹,

Mulligan²,

Altmann³

et al. 2011

Pediatrics

345

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…98 There have been no studies to indicate that screen time contributes positively to infant development, 99,100 and there are now 7 studies that have documented possible language delays among children younger than 2 years who are exposed to television or videos. [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108] 4. Pediatricians and other child health professionals should ensure that only nonviolent media choices be provided to patients in outpatient waiting rooms and inpatient settings.…”

Section: Aap Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Media Violence

Fuld¹,

Mulligan²,

Altmann³

et al. 2009

Pediatrics

146

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Exposure to violence in media, including television, movies, music, and video games, represents a significant risk to the health of children and adolescents. Extensive research evidence indicates that media violence can contribute to aggressive behavior, desensitization to violence, nightmares, and fear of being harmed. Pediatricians should assess their patients' level of media exposure and intervene on mediarelated health risks. Pediatricians and other child health care providers can advocate for a safer media environment for children by encouraging media literacy, more thoughtful and proactive use of media by children and their parents, more responsible portrayal of violence by media producers, and more useful and effective media ratings. Office counseling has been shown to be effective. Pediatrics 2009;124: 1495-1503 INTRODUCTIONAlthough shootings in schools around the world periodically prompt politicians and the general public to focus their attention on the influence of media violence, the medical community has been concerned with this issue since the 1950s. 1-3 The evidence is now clear and convincing: media violence is 1 of the causal factors of real-life violence and aggression. Therefore, pediatricians and parents need to take action. 4 In 1972, the US Surgeon General issued a special report on the public health effects of media violence that was based on a growing and nearly unanimous body of evidence. 5 Ten years later, the National Institute of Mental Health issued a comprehensive review of the research on media violence and its effects, which outlined concerns about children's psychological health. 6 At a Congressional public health summit in July 2000, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) was joined by the American Medical Association, the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, and the American Psychological Association in issuing an unprecedented joint statement on the impact of entertainment violence on children. 7 Also in 2000, the Federal Bureau of Investigation released a report on shootings in schools that stated that media violence is a risk factor. 8 In 2003, a panel of media-violence experts convened by the National Institute of Mental Health, at the request of the US Surgeon General, published its comprehensive report on the effects of media violence on youth, which revealed media violence to be a significant causal factor in aggression and violence. 9 Most recently, in 2007, the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) released its report on violent television programming and its effects on children and agreed with the Surgeon General that there is "strong evidence" that exposure to media violence can increase aggressive behavior in

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“…1 Exposure to television (TV) and videos before 3 years of age is associated with later problems with language development, [2][3][4] cognition, 5 attention, 6,7 executive functioning, 8 and school achievement. 9 These effects may be more pronounced in lowincome populations, where high media exposure is more prevalent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Infant Self-Regulation and Early Childhood Media Exposure

et al. 2014

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WHAT'S KNOWN ON THIS SUBJECT: Several studies suggest that excessive media use in early childhood predicts poorer developmental outcomes. It has not been studied whether infants with self-regulation problems, who may be at higher developmental risk, develop excessive media use habits. WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS:This study shows that infants and toddlers with self-regulation difficulties (ie, problems with selfsoothing, sleep, emotional regulation, and attention) view more media at 2 years of age, independent of other important confounders.abstract OBJECTIVES: Examine prospective associations between parentreported early childhood self-regulation problems and media exposure (television and video viewing) at 2 years. We hypothesized that children with poor self-regulation would consume more media, possibly as a parent coping strategy. METHODS:We used data from 7450 children in the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort. When children were 9 months and 2 years old, parents completed the Infant Toddler Symptom Checklist (ITSC), a validated scale of self-regulation. With daily media use at 2 years as our outcome, we conducted weighted multivariable regression analyses, controlling for child, maternal, and household characteristics. RESULTS:Children watched an average of 2.3 hours per day (SD 1.9) of media at age 2 years. Infants with poor self-regulation (9-month ITSC score $3) viewed 0.23 hour per day (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.35) more media at 2 years compared with those with 9-month ITSC score of 0 to 2; this remained significant in adjusted models (0.15 hour per day [95% CI 0.02-0.28]). Children rated as having persistent self-regulation problems (ITSC $3 at both 9 months and 2 years) were even more likely to consume media at age 2 (adjusted b 0.21 hour per day [95% CI 0.03-0.39]; adjusted odds ratio for .2 hours per day 1.40 [95% CI 1.14-1.71]). These associations were slightly stronger in low socioeconomic status and English-speaking households.

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Television viewing associates with delayed language development

Abstract: There is a relationship between early onset and high frequency of TV viewing and language delay.

Cited by 223 publications

References 27 publications

Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years

Media Use by Children Younger Than 2 Years

Media Violence

Infant Self-Regulation and Early Childhood Media Exposure

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