Television Viewing at Home: Age Trends in Visual Attention and Time with TV

Anderson, Daniel R.; Lorch, Elizabeth Pugzles; Field, Diane E.; Collins, Patricia; Nathan, John C.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1986.tb00263.x

Cited by 42 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…4 The finding that screen time increased with age in this age range is also consistent with studies from Australia 5 and the US, 3,24,35 which show that screen time peaks at age 12-13 years -an age where the comprehensibility of TV shows plateaus. 36 In this study, SES emerged as a moderate correlate of screen time. There have been consistent reports of higher television viewing in low SES groups in adults.…”

Section: Minutes)mentioning

confidence: 60%

Screenieboppers and extreme screenies: the place of screen time in the time budgets of 10–13 year‐old Australian children

Olds

Ridley

Dollman

2006

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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Objectives: Excessive ‘screen time’ has been associated with a range of psychosocial disturbances and increasing pediatric obesity. This study describes the magnitude, distribution, composition and time‐distribution of children's screen use; examines correlates of screen use; and characterises ‘extreme’ screen users (top quartile). Methods: 1,039 South Australian children aged 10–13 years old completed a multimedia 24‐hour activity recall diary on 2–4 occasions in 2002, including at least one school day and one non‐school day. Results: The median screen time was 229 minutes.d‐1. This was higher in boys (264 vs. 196 minutes; p<0.001) and on non‐school days (260 vs. 190 minutes; p<0.001), increased with age (p=0.003), and decreased with socio‐economic status (SES; p=0.003). Television consumed 73% of all screen time, video games 19%, non‐game computer use 6%, and cinema 2%. The top quartile of screen users were more likely to be boys (OR=3.8), have low physical activity (OR=4.3), spend >25% of screen time playing video games (OR=1.8), sleep less, and be of lower SES. Conclusions and Implications: Interventions to reduce screen time should target inactive, low‐SES boys, encourage earlier bedtimes, and limit video game use.

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Section: Minutes)mentioning

confidence: 60%

Screenieboppers and extreme screenies: the place of screen time in the time budgets of 10–13 year‐old Australian children

Olds

Ridley

Dollman

2006

Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health

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“…These findings are particularly relevant given a recent increase in commercially available infant-directed programming and a subsequent increase in television exposure during infancy. During the 1970s children were first exposed to television on a regular basis at approximately 2.5 years (Anderson, Field, Collins, Lorch, & Nathan, 1985;Anderson & Levin, 1976;Anderson, Lorch, Collins, Field, & Nathan, 1986). Since then, however the media landscape has changed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of repetition on imitation from television during infancy

Barr

Muentener

Garcia

et al. 2007

Developmental Psychobiology

146

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Although television exposure levels during infancy are high, the impact of such exposure on learning is relatively unknown. Initial studies have shown that infants imitate significantly fewer target actions from a televised demonstration than they imitate from a live demonstration. It was hypothesized that increasing the duration of exposure to the videotaped demonstration would increase learning from television. Independent groups of 12- to 21-month-olds were exposed to live or videotaped demonstrations of target actions, and imitation of the target actions was measured 24 hr later. The video segment duration was twice that of the live presentation. Doubling exposure increased levels of imitation performance in the video groups to that of the live groups, and both groups exceeded baseline performance. These results are consistent with the perceptual encoding impoverishment theory, and we conclude that repeated exposure enhances encoding of the target actions from a 2D television source.

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“…Although little work has been done concerning the amount of TV viewing by children under 2 years of age, one study found that they were exposed to an average of about 2 hours of television a day (Hollenbeck, 1978; see also Anderson, Lorch, Field, Collins, & Nathan, 1986). Systematic home observations of infants reveal that TV viewing is interspersed throughout the infant's day, including during eating, diaper changing, and other ordinary routines (Lemish & Rice, 1986).…”

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confidence: 99%

Imitation of Televised Models by Infants

Meltzoff¹

1988

Child Development

107

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Studies indicate that infants in our culture are exposed to significant amounts of TV, often as a baby-sitting strategy by busy caretakers. The question arises whether TV viewing merely presents infants with a salient collection of moving patterns or whether they will readily pick up information depicted in this 2-D representation and incorporate it into their own behavior. Can infants "understand" the content of television enough to govern their real-world behavior accordingly? One way to explore this question is to present a model via television for infants to imitate. Infants' ability to imitate TV models was explored at 2 ages, 14 and 24 months, under conditions of immediate and deferred imitation. In deferred imitation, infants were exposed to a TV depiction of an adult manipulating a novel toy in a particular way but were not presented with the real toy until the next day. The results showed significant imitation at both ages, and furthermore showed that even the youngest group imitated after the 24-hour delay. The finding of deferred imitation of TV models has social and policy implications, because it suggests that TV viewing in the home could potentially affect infant behavior and development more than heretofore contemplated. The results also add to a growing body of literature on prelinguistic representational capacities. They do so in the dual sense of showing that infants can relate 2-D representations to their own actions on real objects in 3-D space, and moreover that the information picked up through TV can be internally represented over lengthy delays before it is used to guide the real-world action.

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Television Viewing at Home: Age Trends in Visual Attention and Time with TV

Cited by 42 publications

References 15 publications

Screenieboppers and extreme screenies: the place of screen time in the time budgets of 10–13 year‐old Australian children

Screenieboppers and extreme screenies: the place of screen time in the time budgets of 10–13 year‐old Australian children

The effect of repetition on imitation from television during infancy

Imitation of Televised Models by Infants

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