Telluride buried channel waveguides operating from 6 to 20μm for photonic applications

Vigreux, Caroline; Escalier, Raphaël; Pradel, Annie; Bastard, Lionel; Broquin, Jean-Emmanuel; Zhang, Xianghua; Billeton, Thierry; Parent, Gilles; Barillot, Marc; Kirschner, Volker

doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2015.09.025

Cited by 16 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 2 many infrared technologies from fibres [2,3], buried waveguides [4,5], and thin films [6,7], dedicated photonic applications [8]. Nevertheless, the ChGS applications are not limited to the optical field since they also have many interesting electrical properties.…”

Section: Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percolation behavior of Ag in Ge16Sb12Se72 glassy matrix and its impact on corresponding ionic conductivity

Patil

Konale

Cozic

et al. 2019

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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In the present article, the silver diffusion behavior and its influence on ionic conduction have been studied from a series of glass samples Ag x (Ge 16 Sb 12 Se 72) 100-x with 0 ≤ x ≤ 25. A non-linear evolution of the ionic conduction as a function of Ag concentration was found and attributed to a variation in the diffusion mechanism following the Ag rate. The glasses with Ag concentration lower than 5 at. % i.e. for Ag 0.2 to Ag 1 , the Ag + diffusion mainly occurs via a percolation mechanism, whereas for the Ag concentration from Ag 5 up to Ag 15 , a hopping mechanism is prevailing. However, for Ag5 the diffusion occurs with mixed mechanism i.e. percolation + hopping way. For the Ag content higher than 15 at. % the diffusion occurs via a correlated walk and it was found that the repulsive nature between the Ag + ions in the high concentrated sample due to much shorter distance does not show self-blocking nature. Additionally, the samples show a transition from electronic to ionic conductivity. From Raman analysis a correlation between the content of Ag and the type of GeSe 4/2 tetrahedron, corner or edgeshared, which takes place in the structure, was evidenced. Finally, the results allow a better understanding of the mechanism of the Ag conduction in the glasses of the Ge-Sb-Se system using the RW model.

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Section: Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Percolation behavior of Ag in Ge16Sb12Se72 glassy matrix and its impact on corresponding ionic conductivity

Patil

Konale

Cozic

et al. 2019

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Recently, a silicon-germanium integrated Fourier transform spectrometer [327] was demonstrated at 7.7 µm using thermo-optic modulation (figure 16, center). To date, the only attempt to cover the ultrabroad MIR range 6-20 µm with a single technology and waveguide geometry used telluride (Te)-rich chalcogenide SM waveguides (figure 16, right), albeit at the cost of high propagation losses [328].…”

Section: Current and Future Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 10-20 µm range, of interest for space missions such as the proposed LIFE interferometer [339], remains largely unexplored. The propagation losses are expected to be larger than a few dB cm −1 , at least in the SM regime [328]. While SM Hollow Core Waveguides were proposed to circumvent the limitation of dielectric materials, they were found to strongly underperform [340] as has the alternative InGaAs/InP technology [341].…”

Section: Advances In Science and Technology To Meet Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Jovanovic,

Gatkine,

Anugu

et al. 2023

J. Phys. Photonics

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Photonic technologies offer numerous functionalities that can be used to realize astrophotonic instruments. The most spectacular example to date is the ESO Gravity instrument at the Very Large Telescope in Chile that combines the light-gathering power of four 8-m telescopes through a complex photonic interferometer. Fully integrated astrophotonic devices offer critical advantages for instrument development, including extreme miniaturization when operating at the diffraction-limit, plus integration, superior thermal and mechanical stabilization owing to the small footprint, and high replicability offering significant cost savings. Numerous astrophotonic technologies have been developed to address shortcomings of conventional instruments to date, including the development of photonic lanterns to convert from multimode inputs to single mode outputs, complex aperiodic fiber Bragg gratings to filter OH emission from the atmosphere, beam combiners enabling long baseline interferometry with for example, ESO Gravity, and laser frequency combs for high precision spectral calibration of spectrometers. Despite these successes, the facility implementation of photonic solutions in astronomical instrumentation is currently limited because of 1) low throughputs from coupling to fibers, coupling fibers to chips, propagation and bend losses, device losses, etc., 2) difficulties with scaling to large channel count devices needed for large bandwidths and high resolutions, and 3) efficient integration of photonics with detectors. In this roadmap, we identify 23 key areas that need further development. We outline the challenges and advances needed across those areas covering design tools, simulation capabilities, fabrication processes, the need for entirely new components, integration and hybridization and the characterization of devices. To realize these advances the astrophotonics community will have to work cooperatively with industrial partners who have more advanced manufacturing capabilities. With the advances described herein, multi-functional integrated instruments will be realized leading to novel observing capabilities for both ground and space based platforms, enabling new scientific studies and discoveries.

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“…Etching and lithography techniques have been tested with chalcogenide glass, which raised interest due to its potentially wide mid-infrared transparency from 1 µm to 20 µm. Using this platform, simple rib channel waveguides have been manufactured showing average propagation losses of 0.5−1 dB/cm in the 3−6 µm range (Ma et al 2013) and 6 dB/cm in the 2−20 µm range (Vigreux et al 2015). Recently, Kenchington Goldsmith et al (2016) used this platform to manufacture a multimode interference coupler (MMI) in chalcogenide glass for nulling interferometry.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands

Tepper

Labadie

Diener

et al. 2017

A&A

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Context. Optical long baseline interferometry is a unique way to study astronomical objects at milli-arcsecond resolutions not attainable with current single-dish telescopes. Yet, the significance of its scientfic return strongly depends on a dense coverage of the uv-plane and a highly stable transfer function of the interferometric instrument. In the last few years, integrated optics (IO) beam combiners have facilitated the emergence of 4-telescope interferometers such as PIONIER or GRAVITY, boosting the imaging capabilities of the VLTI. However, the spectral range beyond 2.2 µm is not ideally covered by the conventional silica based IO. Here, we consider new laser-written IO prototypes made of gallium lanthanum sulfide (GLS) glass, a material that permits access to the mid-infrared spectral regime. Aims. Our goal is to conduct a full characterization of our mid-IR IO two-telescope coupler in order to measure the performance levels directly relevant for long-baseline interferometry. We focus in particular on the exploitation of the L and M astronomical bands. Methods. We use a dedicated Michelson-interferometer setup to perform Fourier transform spectroscopy on the coupler and measure its broadband interferometric performance. We also analyze the polarization properties of the coupler, the differential dispersion and phase degradation, as well as the modal behavior and the total throughput. Results. We measure broadband interferometric contrasts of 94.9% and 92.1% for unpolarized light in the L and M bands. Spectrally integrated splitting ratios are close to 50%, but show chromatic dependence over the considered bandwidths. Additionally, the phase variation due to the combiner is measured and does not exceed 0.04 rad and 0.07 rad across the L and M band, respectively. The total throughput of the coupler including Fresnel and injection losses from free-space is 25.4%. Furthermore, differential birefringence is low (<0.2 rad), in line with the high contrasts reported for unpolarized light. Conclusions. The laser-written IO GLS prototype combiners prove to be a reliable technological solution with promising performance for mid-infrared long-baseline interferometry. In the next steps, we will consider more advanced optical functions, as well as a fiberfed input, and we will revise the optical design parameters in order to further enhance the total throughput and achromatic behavior.

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Telluride buried channel waveguides operating from 6 to 20μm for photonic applications

Cited by 16 publications

References 16 publications

Percolation behavior of Ag in Ge16Sb12Se72 glassy matrix and its impact on corresponding ionic conductivity

Percolation behavior of Ag in Ge16Sb12Se72 glassy matrix and its impact on corresponding ionic conductivity

2023 Astrophotonics Roadmap: pathways to realizing multi-functional integrated astrophotonic instruments

Integrated optics prototype beam combiner for long baseline interferometry in the L and M bands

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