Tellurite Glass and Its Application in Lasers

Abstract

This chapter provides expert coverage of the physical properties of new noncrystalline solids-tellurite glass and the latest laser applications of the material-offering insights into innovative applications for laser and sensing devices, among others. In particular, there is a focus on specialty optical fibers, supercontinuum generation and laser devices, and luminescence properties for laser applications. This chapter also addresses the fabrication and optical properties and uses of tellurite glasses in optical fibers and optical microcavities, the significance of from near infrared (NIR) to mid-infrared (MIR) emissions and the development of tellurite glass-based microcavity lasers. The important attributes of these tellurite glasses and their applications in lasers were discussed in this chapter.

Crystallization of Lanthanide—Ho3+ and Tm3+ Ions Doped Tellurite Glasses

“…The thermal stability of the tested glasses, defined as ΔT = T x − T g , was lower than 100 °C, which does not suggest their high stability highlighted in the literature [ 2 , 4 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 30 ].…”

“…TeO 2 host materials have a matrix that exhibits some intriguing properties. They have a wide transparency range (400–5000 nm [ 1 , 2 , 3 ]), high refractive index (>2 [ 4 ]), low photon energy (800 cm −1 [ 1 , 3 ]), and relatively low melting points (<800 °C [ 5 ]). Tellurium oxide TeO 2 as a glass-forming material (Zachariasen’s GFA criterion Ed(TeO 2 ) = 1136 kJ/mol [ 6 ]) together with numerous network modifiers such as WO 3 , ZnO, CdO, K 2 O, PbO, BaO, and Bi 2 O 3 forms stable glasses in a wide range of concentrations [ 7 ].…”

“…Tellurite glasses are of great interest, especially when doped with rare-earth ions (Er, Eu, Tm, Ho) to obtain materials for infrared laser applications (2–3 µm) and optical devices in telecommunication [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 14 , 15 , 16 ]. Photonic applications of doped tellurite glasses may become even more interesting when doped with noble metals (Au and Ag nanoparticles), significantly increasing the effect of radiation emission [ 1 , 4 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

“…The higher the ΔT value, the more stable the glass. For tellurite glasses (not containing alkali metals), this value, according to literature data [ 2 , 4 ], is ΔT = 160–170 °C. Regarding the crystallization process of TeO 2 -WO 3 -ZnO tellurite glasses, the onset of crystallization temperature strongly depends on the concentration of WO 3 and ZnO, and for pure TeO 2, it is about 350 °C [ 24 ], while for glasses with 30% WO 3 content, it increases to about 480 °C [ 5 ].…”

Neutron diffraction investigation of copper tellurite glasses with high real-space resolution

“…Tagiara et al (2017) synthesized bulk disc-shaped samples of glassy TeO 2 by an intermittent cooling technique. TeO 2 -based glasses have useful applications in lasers, nonlinear optical devices, fluorescent materials and optical communication owing to their high refractive indices, good infrared transmittance, low melting temperatures, large nonlinear optical coefficients and low phonon energies (Ceriotti et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2020;Barbosa et al, 2017;Kassab et al, 2018;Manning, 2011;Gupta et al, 2019;Feng et al, 2017;Boukhris et al, 2020;Nazrin et al, 2019;Rivera & Manzani, 2017). The glass forming ability (GFA) of TeO 2 increases drastically on mixing it with alkali, alkaline-earth, heavy metal and transition metal oxides, and a variety of binary and multicomponent tellurite glasses can be easily prepared in the bulk form by using ISSN 1600-5767 moderate quenching rates of 10 2 -10 3 K s À1 (El-Mallawany, 2011).…”