Telomerase and retrotransposons: Reverse transcriptases that shaped genomes

Belfort, Marlene; Curcio, M. Joan; Lue, Neal F.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1100269109

Cited by 45 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The TRBD confers the specificity of interaction between TERT and TER (Lai et al 2001;O'Connor et al 2005). In the RT domain, motifs conserved in the evolutionarily related retrotransposon RTs form the active site, where aspartic acid residues coordinate the magnesium ions necessary for catalysis of dNTP addition (Lingner et al 1997b;Belfort et al 2011). In TERTs, this domain also positions the template and aligns the substrate 39 end (Xie et al 2010;Qi et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenesis of telomerase ribonucleoproteins

Egan

Collins

2012

RNA

156

168

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Telomerase adds simple-sequence repeats to the ends of linear chromosomes to counteract the loss of end sequence inherent in conventional DNA replication. Catalytic activity for repeat synthesis results from the cooperation of the telomerase reverse transcriptase protein (TERT) and the template-containing telomerase RNA (TER). TERs vary widely in sequence and structure but share a set of motifs required for TERT binding and catalytic activity. Species-specific TER motifs play essential roles in RNP biogenesis, stability, trafficking, and regulation. Remarkably, the biogenesis pathways that generate mature TER differ across eukaryotes. Furthermore, the cellular processes that direct the assembly of a biologically functional telomerase holoenzyme and its engagement with telomeres are evolutionarily varied and regulated. This review highlights the diversity of strategies for telomerase RNP biogenesis, RNP assembly, and telomere recruitment among ciliates, yeasts, and vertebrates and suggests common themes in these pathways and their regulation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenesis of telomerase ribonucleoproteins

Egan

Collins

2012

RNA

156

168

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“…Similar responses have been observed in plants (70). It is now thought that the telomerases that normally maintain the eukaryotic telomere derive from ancient retrotransposon reverse transcriptases (67). Indeed, it has been argued that both the epigenetic machinery that controls transposons and builds telomeres, in concert with transposons, has been a major factor in determining the structure and size of eukaryotic genomes (66).…”

Section: Transposons: Controlling Elements After All?mentioning

confidence: 61%

“…There is certainly evidence to support this view (Fig. 1); transposons form or can be recruited to telomeres in yeast, plants, insects, and rodents (66,67). In CHO cells where telomere function is disrupted, L1 retrotransposons preferentially transpose into the region of the telomere, helping preserve telomere function (68).…”

Section: Transposons: Controlling Elements After All?mentioning

confidence: 98%

Stress and the dynamic genome: Steroids, epigenetics, and the transposome

Hunter

Gagnidze

McEwen

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

118

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Stress plays a substantial role in shaping behavior and brain function, often with lasting effects. How these lasting effects occur in the context of a fixed postmitotic neuronal genome has been an enduring question for the field. Synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis have provided some of the answers to this question, and more recently epigenetic mechanisms have come to the fore. The exploration of epigenetic mechanisms recently led us to discover that a single acute stress can regulate the expression of retrotransposons in the rat hippocampus via an epigenetic mechanism. We propose that this response may represent a genomic stress response aimed at maintaining genomic and transcriptional stability in vulnerable brain regions such as the hippocampus. This finding and those of other researchers have made clear that retrotransposons and the genomic plasticity they permit play a significant role in brain function during stress and disease. These observations also raise the possibility that the transposome might have adaptive functions at the level of both evolution and the individual organism.hippocampus | retrotransposon | histone marks | brain | genomic stress response

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“…Here, aspartic acid residues coordinate the magnesium ions needed for catalysis of deoxynucleotide (dNTP) addition. (46) In TERTs, this domain also positions the template and aligns the substrate 3' end. (47,48) RT domain function could be enhanced by the CTE and/or the nucleic acids.…”

Section: Telomeres and Telomerase Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Telomere in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

2017

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B ACKGROUND:The number of elderly population in the world keep increasing. In their advanced ages, many elderly face years of disability because of multiple chronic diseases, frailty, making them lost their independence. Consequently, this could have impacts on social and economic stability. A huge challenge has been sent for biomedical researchers to compress or at least eliminate this period of disability and increase the health span. CONTENT:Over the past decades, many studies of telomere biology have demonstrated that telomeres and telomere-associated proteins are implicated in human diseases. Accelerated telomere erosion was clearly correlated with a pack of metabolic and inflammatory diseases. Critically short telomeres or the unprotected end, are likely to form telomeric fusion, generating genomic Abstract R E V I E W A R T I C L Einstability, the cornerstone for carcinogenesis. Enlightening how telomeres involved in the mechanisms underlying the diseases' pathogenesis was expected to uncover new molecular targets for any important diagnosis or therapeutic implications. SUMMARY:Telomere shortening was foreseen as an imporant mechanism to supress tumor by limiting cellular proliferative capacity by regulating senescence check point activation. Many human diseases and carcinogenesis are causally related to defective telomeres, asserting the importance of telomeres sustainment. Thus, telomere length assessment might serve as an important tool for clinical prognostic, diagnostic, monitoring and management.

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Telomerase and retrotransposons: Reverse transcriptases that shaped genomes

Cited by 45 publications

References 64 publications

Biogenesis of telomerase ribonucleoproteins

Biogenesis of telomerase ribonucleoproteins

Stress and the dynamic genome: Steroids, epigenetics, and the transposome

Telomere in Aging and Age-Related Diseases

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