Telomere associations in interphase nuclei of Allium cepa demonstrated by C-banding

Fussell, Catharine P.

doi:10.1016/0014-4827(77)90276-2

Cited by 34 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1 to 3). Feulgen stained interphase nucleus shows very little differential staining while BSG technique shows two prominent nucleoli and telomeric hetero Fussell (1977) and Ghosh and Roy (1977). Our technique visualizes most of the heterochromatin distributed all over the nucleus as darkly stained structures.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Non random arrangement of chromosomes, indication of somatic associa tion and specific orientation of chromosomes maintaining the telophasic configura tion are some of the known interesting features of interphase nucleus. Many authors have utilized Giemsa C-banding technique for understanding interphase nucleus structure in plants (Fussell 1977, Ghosh and Roy 1977, Stack et al 1977. However, these studies were confined to only one or a few closely related plant species belonging to monocotyledons.…”

Section: Rceived June 28 1980mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Visualization and distribution of heterochromatin in interphase nuclei of several plant species as revealed by a new Giemsa banding technique.

Joshi

Ranjekar

1982

CYTOLOGIA

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During recent years, the genomes of a wide variety of plants have been shown to contain a substantial proportion of repetitive DNA. However, no serious at tempts have been made so far to determine the role of repetitive DNA in chromo somal organization in plant cell nuclei. Recent studies on the localization of satel lite DNA (which is made up of highly repetitive DNA) in plant nuclei and chromosomes have revealed their specific distribution to the heterochromatic regions of the chromosomes. Thus visualization of heterochromatin in cell nuclei or chromosomes will be a prerequisite in assessing the relationship of heterochromatin to repetitive DNA. From this point of view, we started cytological investigations in various plant species to determine the position and percentage of heterochromatin. The standard BSG technique (Sumner 1972) was first tried with various modifica tions. However, this procedure posed many practical problems and yielded limited success. In our laboratory a new technique of chromosome banding is developed which is applicable to the wide variety of plants (Joshi and Ranjekar 1980). This technique is simple, rapid and specially suitable for plant chromosomes. Our technique differs from the BSG technique in the following respects. 1) Alkaline hydrolysis of chromatin is replaced by acid hydrolysis which selectively disrupts euchromatin by histone removal. 2) Hot saline incubation phase is found to be unnecessary and hence is detected. 3) Heterochromatin which is assumed to be made up of 'tight DNA-Non histone protein' complexes takes stain readily with Giemsa, thus visualizing their presence on chromatin. In this communica tion we intend to present application of our technique to several plant species to reveal the structural organization of chromatin in interphase nucleus.Structural organization of chromatin in interphase nucleus has been a subject of interest for cytologists since long time (Review-Lafontaine andLord 1969, Lafontaine 1974). The various techniques in light, phase contrast, fluorescence and electron microscopy were utilised for elucidation of this enigma. Recent biochemical, microspectrophotometric and autoradiographic studies have furnished much new information about the metabolic activities occuring inside the nucleus. Giemsa banding technique for visualization of heterochromatin is a recent gift of present decade. The advancement of knowledge about interphase nucleus added1

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Rceived June 28 1980mentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization and distribution of heterochromatin in interphase nuclei of several plant species as revealed by a new Giemsa banding technique.

Joshi

Ranjekar

1982

CYTOLOGIA

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“…Inasmuch as A. cepa has 32 telomeres, all of which are late labeling, it appears that A. cepa telomeres roughly pair two-by-two (Fussell, 1975). Interphase telomere associations are also supported by C-banding (Stack & Clarke, 1973;Fussell, 1977).…”

Section: Tetomere Pairingmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…Cytological examination of several plant species shows that prophase and telophase c'hromosome telomeres frequently attach end-to-end forming chains of chromosomes (Wagenaar;1969;Ashley & Wagenaar, 1974;Fussell, 1977). Autoradiographs of late labeled telomeres of Allium cepa usually show about 16 labeled telomere groups.…”

Section: Tetomere Pairingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Its main feature is that Rabl oriented interphase-prophase chromosome sequences vary depending upon chromosome arm lengths. The order of interphase chromosomes has important implications for synapsis, mitosis, and as a mechanism for positioning is also supported by the patterns of chromosome breakage and reunion following ionizing radiations (Sax, 1940;Evans, 1961;Kumar & Natarajan, 1966); by specific translocations often associated with certain human leukemias and lymphomas (Rowley, 1982); by electron microscope serial sections of interphase nuclei (Church & Moens, 1976;Lafontaine & Luck, 1980;Del Fosse & Church, 1981;Bennett et al, 1981;Agard & Sedat, 1983); and by the distribution of telomeres following Cbanding (Stack & Clarke, 1974;Fussell, 1977); of centromeres after fluorescence staining (Ellison & Barr, 1972;Ellison & Howard, 1981), and C-banding (Korf et al, 1982); and of telomeres and centromeres by autoradiography (Fussell, 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interphase chromosome order: A proposal

Pussell

1984

Genetica

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A model for the arrangement of chromosomes in interphase nuclei is proposed. The model assumes that interphase chromosomes have a Rabl orientation (a relic telophase arrangement). During interphase and prophase telomeres are attached to the nuclear envelope often in pairs. The association of telomeres, homologous or nonhomologous, is based on similarity of arm lengths and occurs at the time the nuclear envelope reforms. At this stage arm lengths will vary to some extent due to the amount of uncoiling etc. The sequence of chromosomes resulting from telomere-telomere pairing may vary among cells, but the number of arrangements will be restricted by arm length similarities.The ramifications of this model on meiotic pairing, the constant attachment of chromosomes to some structure throughout the cell cycle, the distribution of genes within nuclei, and chromosome evolution are raised.

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Mitotic Induction and Synchronized Cell Division in Oedogonium Cardiacum (Hass.) Wittr.

Fussell

1982

American J of Botany

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Waves of mitosis are induced in Oedogonium cardiacum grown under a 15 hr light/9 hr dark cycle. Mitosis starts 4 to 5 hr after the start of the dark period. Each mitotic stage has a high initial rate which plateaus at a lower rate for several additional hours. Partial synchronization of mitotic stages results from this induction of cell division. Mitotic divisions last 9 to 10 hr after induction. During the remainder of the 24‐hr light/dark cycle, cells are in interphase. Along a filament, several dividing cells tend to be adjacent, with the most advanced stage in the cap cell. Progressively earlier mitotic stages are basal to the dividing cap cell. This pattern of mitotic division differs from the state in nature where only the cap cell usually divides. Chromosomes probably maintain a telophase arrangement during interphase. The suitability and advantages of Oedogonium, a haploid alga with sexual reproduction, as an experimental plant for cytological, developmental, biochemical, and genetic studies is pointed out.

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Telomere associations in interphase nuclei of Allium cepa demonstrated by C-banding

Cited by 34 publications

References 28 publications

Visualization and distribution of heterochromatin in interphase nuclei of several plant species as revealed by a new Giemsa banding technique.

Visualization and distribution of heterochromatin in interphase nuclei of several plant species as revealed by a new Giemsa banding technique.

Interphase chromosome order: A proposal

Mitotic Induction and Synchronized Cell Division in Oedogonium Cardiacum (Hass.) Wittr.

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