Telomeres and telomerase in adrenocortical tissue maintenance, carcinogenesis, and aging

Else, Tobias

doi:10.1677/jme-08-0189

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 116 publications

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“…In this study, we expanded the spectrum of TERT promoter-mutated tumors to ACCs, ea PGLs, and GISTs, while adding TERT promoter mutations to other mechanisms of TERT mRNA upregulation in adrenocortical tumorigenesis (Else et al 2008, Else 2009) consistent with previously reported associations in other tumor types (Arita et al 2013, Tallet et al 2013, Vinagre et al 2013. Interestingly, we found that two ea PGLs of urinary bladder harboring TERT promoter mutations were SDHdeficient tumors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in tumors originating from the adrenal gland and extra-adrenal paraganglia

Papathomas¹,

Oudijk²,

Zwarthoff³

et al. 2014

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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Hotspot mutations in the promoter of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) gene have been recently reported in human cancers and proposed as a novel mechanism of telomerase activation. To explore TERT promoter mutations in tumors originating from the adrenal gland and extra-adrenal paraganglia, a set of 253 tumors (38 adrenocortical carcinomas (ACCs), 127 pheochromocytomas (PCCs), 18 extra-adrenal paragangliomas (ea PGLs), 37 head and neck PGLs (HN PGLs), and 33 peripheral neuroblastic tumors) was selected along with 16 human neuroblastoma (NBL) and two ACC cell lines to assess TERT promoter mutations by the Sanger sequencing method. All mutations detected were confirmed by a SNaPshot assay. Additionally, 36 gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) were added to explore an association between TERT promoter mutations and SDH deficiency. TERT promoter mutations were found in seven out of 289 tumors and in three out of 18 human cell lines; four C228T mutations in 38 ACCs (10.5%), two C228T mutations in 18 ea PGLs (11.1%), one C250T mutation in 36 GISTs (2.8%), and three C228T mutations in 16 human NBL cell lines (18.75%). No mutation was detected in PCCs, HN PGLs, neuroblastic tumors as well as ACC cell lines. TERT promoter mutations preferentially occurred in a SDH-deficient setting (PZ0.01) being present in three out of 47 (6.4%) SDH-deficient tumors vs zero out of 171 (0%) SDH-intact

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in tumors originating from the adrenal gland and extra-adrenal paraganglia

Papathomas¹,

Oudijk²,

Zwarthoff³

et al. 2014

Endocrine-Related Cancer

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“…Critical shortening of telomeres causes an arrest of the cell division cycle and induce cellular senescence or apoptosis [135,136]. Although in many proliferating tissues telomeres shorten with each cell division, telomere length unusually increases with aging in spermatozoa [133].…”

Section: Telomeresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of aging on the male reproductive system

Güneş

Hekim

Arslan

et al. 2016

J Assist Reprod Genet

197

118

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The study aims to discuss the effects of aging on the male reproductive system. A systematic review was performed using PubMed from 1980 to 2014. Aging is a natural process comprising of irreversible changes due to a myriad of endogenous and environmental factors at the level of all organs and systems. In modern life, as more couples choose to postpone having a child due to various socioeconomic reasons, research for understanding the effects of aging on the reproductive system has gained an increased importance. Paternal aging also causes genetic and epigenetic changes in spermatozoa, which impair male reproductive functions through their adverse effects on sperm quality and count as, well as, on sexual organs and the hypothalamic-pituitarygonadal axis. Hormone production, spermatogenesis, and testes undergo changes as a man ages. These small changes lead to decrease in both the quality and quantity of spermatozoa. The offspring of older fathers show high prevalence of genetic abnormalities, childhood cancers, and several neuropsychiatric disorders. In addition, the latest advances in assisted reproductive techniques give older men a chance to have a child even with poor semen parameters. Further studies should investigate the onset of gonadal senesce and its effects on aging men.

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“…Telomerase prevents shortening of telomeres by providing a template of TTAGGG sequences at the end of the telo-mere, allowing extension in the 5′-3′ direction. The activity of telomerase is considered a marker of human stem cells, and telomerase expression is found by radioactive in situ method in the outer cortex of the adrenal, labeling a putative adrenal stem cell population (Else, 2009; Yashima et al, 1998). Moreover, studies in various mouse models (Bayne et al, 2008) reveal that telomere length is longest in the peripheral cortex, suggesting that telomerase is active in a population of the zG.…”

Section: Telomeres Tert and Terf2 Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex: Links to stem/progenitor biology and neoplasia

Penny

Finco

Hammer

2017

Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology

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The adrenal cortex is a dynamic tissue responsible for the synthesis of steroid hormones, including mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens in humans. Advances have been made in understanding the role of adrenocortical stem/progenitor cell populations in cortex homeostasis and self-renewal. Recently, large molecular profiling studies of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) have given insights into proteins and signaling pathways involved in normal tissue homeostasis that become dysregulated in cancer. These data provide an impetus to examine the cellular pathways implicated in adrenocortical disease and study connections, or lack thereof, between adrenal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, with a particular focus on stem and progenitor cell pathways. In this review, we discuss evidence for stem/progenitor cells in the adrenal cortex, proteins and signaling pathways that may regulate these cells, and the role these proteins play in pathologic and neoplastic conditions. In turn, we also examine common perturbations in adrenocortical tumors (ACT) and how these proteins and pathways may be involved in adrenal homeostasis.

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Telomeres and telomerase in adrenocortical tissue maintenance, carcinogenesis, and aging

Cited by 15 publications

References 116 publications

Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in tumors originating from the adrenal gland and extra-adrenal paraganglia

Telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter mutations in tumors originating from the adrenal gland and extra-adrenal paraganglia

Effects of aging on the male reproductive system

Cell signaling pathways in the adrenal cortex: Links to stem/progenitor biology and neoplasia

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