TEM study of aerosol particles from clean and polluted marine boundary layers over the North Atlantic

Li, Jia; Anderson, J. R.; Buseck, Peter R.

doi:10.1029/2002jd002106

Cited by 108 publications

(106 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…Because some particles in (ammonium)sulphates "mixed with carbon" and "without detectable carbon" subgroups might also contain unidentifiable soot particles (dark inclusions without clear morphological characteristics), the proportions for internally mixed soot/sulphate particles should be considered as minimum estimates. The strong internal mixing of soot is in line with other studies performed in clean background areas, far from soot emission sources (Pósfai et al, 1999;Hasegawa and Ohta, 2002;Li et al, 2003a;Okada et al, 2005). While freshly emitted soot is extremely hydrophobic, the aging processes such as coagulation, condensation and chemical reactions cause soot to become rapidly (in polluted conditions during less than a few hours; Johnson, 2005) more hydrophilic .…”

Section: Soot Particlessupporting

confidence: 69%

“…Images of sea salt particles with similar morphology and composition have been shown in several recent electron microscopy studies (e.g. Ebert et al, 2000;Li et al, 2003a). However, PM 1−3.3 sample 10 contained ordinary sea salt particles (36% of all analysed particles) and also other Narich particles without characteristic morphology and Mg-Ca-K ratios of sea salt (36% of all analysed particles; Table 4).…”

Section: Silicates and Metal Oxides/hydroxidesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis

Niemi

Saarikoski

Tervahattu³

et al. 2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.Aerosol samples were collected at a rural background site in southern Finland in May 2004 during pollution episode (PM 1 ∼16 µg m −3 , backward air mass trajectories from south-east), intermediate period (PM 1 ∼5 µg m −3 , backtrajectories from north-east) and clean period (PM 1 ∼2 µg m −3 , backtrajectories from northwest/north). The elemental composition, morphology and mixing state of individual aerosol particles in three size fractions were studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) microanalyses. The TEM/EDX results were complemented with the size-segregated bulk chemical measurements of selected ions and organic and elemental carbon. Many of the particles in PM 0.2−1 and PM 1−3.3 size fractions were strongly internally mixed with S, C and/or N. The major particle types in PM 0.2−1 samples were 1) soot and 2) (ammonium)sulphates and their mixtures with variable amounts of C, K, soot and/or other inclusions. Number proportions of those two particle groups in PM 0.2−1 samples were 0-12% and 83-97%, respectively. During the pollution episode, the proportion of Ca-rich particles was very high (26-48%) in the PM 1−3.3 and PM 3.3−11 samples, while the PM 0.2−1 and PM 1−3.3 samples contained elevated proportions of silicates (22-33%), metal oxides/hydroxides (1-9%) and tar balls (1-4%). These aerosols originated mainly from polluted areas of Eastern Europe, and some open biomass burning smoke was also brought by long-range transport. During the clean period, when air masses arrived from the Arctic Ocean, PM 1−3.3 samples contained mainly sea salt particles (67-89%) with a variable rate of Cl substitution (mainly by NO porous (sponge-like) Na-rich particles (35%) with abundant S, K and O. They might originate from the burning of wood pulp wastes of paper industry. The proportion of biological particles and C-rich fragments (probably also biological origin) were highest in the PM 3.3−11 samples (0-81% and 0-22%, respectively). The origin of different particle types and the effect of aging processes on particle composition and their hygroscopic and optical properties are discussed.

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Section: Soot Particlessupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Silicates and Metal Oxides/hydroxidesmentioning

confidence: 97%

Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis

Niemi

Saarikoski

Tervahattu³

et al. 2006

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The shape of deposited BC particles was caused by characteristics of BC because of similar shape and size of BC particles on the leaves or needles. The size and shapes of BC particles deposited on the polyethylene sheets in the present study were similar to those of BC particles that were previously detected by Li et al (2003) in the atmosphere by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).…”

Section: Bc Particles On the Polyethylene Sheetssupporting

confidence: 73%

Visualization of Artificially Deposited Submicron-sized Aerosol Particles on the Surfaces of Leaves and Needles in Trees

Yamane¹,

Nakaba²,

Yamaguchi³

et al. 2012

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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To understand the effect of aerosols on the growth and physiological conditions of trees in forests, it is important to know the state of aerosols that are deposited on the surface of the leaves or needles. In this study, we developed methods of visualization of submicron-sized aerosols that were artificially deposited from the gas-phase or liquid phase onto tree leaves or needles in trees. Firstly, we used field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) to observe black carbon (BC) particles that were artificially sprayed onto the leaves or needles. The distribution of BC particles deposited on the leaves and needles were distinguished based on the size and morphological features of the particles. The distribution and agglomerates size of BC particles differed between two spraying methods of BC particles employed. Secondly, we tried to visualize gold (Au) particles that were artificially sprayed onto the leaves using energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) coupled to FE-SEM. We detected the Au particles based on the characteristic X-ray spectrum, which was secondarily generated from the Au particles. In contrast to the case of BC particles, the Au particles did not form agglomerates and were uniformly distributed on the leaf surfaces. The present results show that our methods provide useful information of adsorption and/or behavior of fine particles at the submicron level on the surface of the leaves.

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“…Andreae et al (1986) unexpectedly found that a large fraction of mineral substances and sulfates in the marine boundary layer were internally mixed with sodium chlorides. Subsequently, several field studies have confirmed that a significant proportion of sea salts are internally mixed with sulfates and nitrates (Mouri et al, 1993;Laskin et al, 2002;Li et al, 2003a), while other research has revealed that the chloride components in sea salts acquire a coating of organic surfactants in polluted coastal environments or even at remote islands (Tervahattu et al, 2002a, b;Laskin et al, 2012;Chi et al, 2015). Electron microscopy and single-particle mass spectrometry have indicated that potassium chlorides in biomass burning smoke mix with soot and organics, and some even acquire an organic surface coating (Silva et al, 1999;Li et al, 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed Chloride Aerosols and their Atmospheric Implications: A Review

Wang

Yang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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Natural and anthropogenic chloride aerosols make up a significant fraction of atmospheric particulate matter and play important roles in the boundary layer chemistry. Here we provide a review of the mixing characteristics of chloride aerosols and the subsequent atmospheric implications, which are rarely considered in current field and modeling studies. Single-particle analytical techniques have shown that a large fraction of chlorides mix internally with other components, in particular inorganic salts and organic matters, instead of existing separately. In marine and coastal regions, high proportions of chloride aerosols usually mix with inorganic substances (e.g., Mg, Ca, K, N, S), while small quantities of them are coated by organic matter. In forest, grassland, and agricultural areas, most chlorides in biomass burning particles mix with or are coated by organics. In industrialized urban areas, the chloride aerosols often co-exist with heavy/transition metals (e.g., Zn, Pb) and are coated by organic materials in aged plumes. Moreover, secondary chlorides also mix with mineral dusts, nitrates, and sulfates. The mixing of chloride aerosols with insoluble substances can inhibit their hygroscopic properties, which in turn affects the cloud condensation nuclei activation and heterogeneous reactivity. The encasing of chloride aerosols within light-absorbing substances changes their optical properties and subsequently causes atmospheric warming. This paper emphasizes the complexity of the mixing of chloride aerosols, as well as the potential atmospheric implications thereof, and proposes some research topics deserving future study.

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TEM study of aerosol particles from clean and polluted marine boundary layers over the North Atlantic

Cited by 108 publications

References 54 publications

Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis

Changes in background aerosol composition in Finland during polluted and clean periods studied by TEM/EDX individual particle analysis

Visualization of Artificially Deposited Submicron-sized Aerosol Particles on the Surfaces of Leaves and Needles in Trees

Mixed Chloride Aerosols and their Atmospheric Implications: A Review

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