Temperament and character in men with autism spectrum disorder: A reanalysis of scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory by individual case matching

Vuijk, Richard; Nijs, Pieter F. A. de; Deen, Mathijs; Vitale, Salvatore; Simons-Sprong, Mirjam; Hengeveld, Michiel W.

doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2018.09.002

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Individuals with ASD are characterized by defects in social communication and repetitive and stereotyped behaviours 56 . In addition, they present a wide range of symptoms such as defects in motor coordination, altered sensory processing, novelty seeking and decreased cognitive flexibility 57–61 . We measured sensory perception/novelty detection using the texture novel object recognition paradigm (tNORT 62 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Autism spectrum disorders are a complex group of disorders characterized by social deficits, language impairment and repetitive behaviours. However, patients with ASD also present abnormal sensory processing 58 , novelty seeking 61 , working memory 71 , cognitive flexibility 59 and sensorimotor gating 72 . Some of these phenotypes have also been associated with schizophrenia 64,65 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The autism- and schizophrenia-associated protein CYFIP1 regulates bilateral brain connectivity and behaviour

Domínguez-Iturza

Shah

et al. 2019

Nat Commun

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Copy-number variants of the CYFIP1 gene in humans have been linked to autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia (SCZ), two neuropsychiatric disorders characterized by defects in brain connectivity. Here, we show that CYFIP1 plays an important role in brain functional connectivity and callosal functions. We find that Cyfip1- heterozygous mice have reduced functional connectivity and defects in white matter architecture, similar to phenotypes found in patients with ASD, SCZ and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Cyfip1 -deficient mice also present decreased myelination in the callosal axons, altered presynaptic function, and impaired bilateral connectivity. Finally, Cyfip1 deficiency leads to abnormalities in motor coordination, sensorimotor gating and sensory perception, which are also known neuropsychiatric disorder-related symptoms. These results show that Cyfip1 haploinsufficiency compromises brain connectivity and function, which might explain its genetic association to neuropsychiatric disorders.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The autism- and schizophrenia-associated protein CYFIP1 regulates bilateral brain connectivity and behaviour

Domínguez-Iturza

Shah

et al. 2019

Nat Commun

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“…Studies using the temperament and character inventory (TCI) to evaluate personality in patients with ASD are presented in Table 4 [ 48 ]. Four TCI studies on adults with ASD[ 47 , 49 - 51 ] found low scores on the character dimensions of self-directedness and cooperativeness. Moreover, ASD was associated with high harm avoidance, low reward dependence, low novelty seeking and high self-transcendence.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Vuijk et al [ 51 ] performed a re-analysis of scores on the TCI administered to a sample of 66 ASD men by individual case matching. Compared to the general population, patients with ASD scored significantly higher on the scale for harm avoidance, and lower on novelty seeking, reward dependence, self-directedness, and cooperativeness.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism spectrum disorder and personality disorders: Comorbidity and differential diagnosis

Rinaldi¹,

Attanasio²,

Valenti³

et al. 2021

WJP

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BACKGROUND Differential diagnosis, comorbidities and overlaps with other psychiatric disorders are common among adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but clinical assessments often omit screening for personality disorders (PD), which are especially common in individuals with high-functioning ASD where there is less need for support. AIM To summarize the research findings on PD in adults with ASD and without intellectual disability, focusing on comorbidity and differential diagnosis. METHODS PubMed searches were performed using the key words “Asperger’s Syndrome”, “Autism”, “Personality”, “Personality disorder” and “comorbidity” in order to identify relevant articles published in English. Grey literature was identified through searching Google Scholar. The literature reviews and reference sections of selected papers were also examined for additional potential studies. The search was restricted to studies published up to April 2020. This review is based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method. RESULTS The search found 22 studies carried out on ASD adults without intellectual disability that met the inclusion criteria: 16 evaluated personality profiles or PD in ASD (comorbidity), five compared ASD and PD (differential diagnosis) and one performed both tasks. There were significant differences in the methodological approaches, including the ASD diagnostic instruments and personality measures. Cluster A and cluster C PD are the most frequent co-occurring PD, but overlapping features should be considered. Data on differential diagnosis were only found with cluster A and cluster B PD. CONCLUSION ASD in high-functioning adults is associated with a distinct personality profile even if variability exists. Further studies are needed to explore the complex relationship between ASD and PD.

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“…of reward). Studies have shown lower reward dependence scores for men with ASD (Vuijk et al, 2018), indicative of being rational and perhaps independent from sentimental considerations. This could possibly be linked to difficulties in understanding others emotions and beliefs (ToM).…”

Section: Temperament and Character Inventory (Reward Dependence Subscale)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between autistic characteristics, social engagement and executive function in a typical sample

Robertson

Qureshi

Monk

2021

AIA

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Purpose This study aims to represent a first attempt to examine in a non-clinical population the interplay between social engagement, executive function (EF) and theory of mind (ToM) within a social motivation theory framework. Design/methodology/approach A total of 170 participants (135 female; mean age = 19.01 and standard deviation = 1.27) completed measures of ToM (Faux Pas task), autistic traits (Autism Spectrum Quotient), social engagement (reward dependence subscale of the Temperament and Character Inventory), sociability and EF (both subscales of the Adult Temperament Questionnaire). Findings Path analyses found that EF, sociability and social engagement were negatively associated with autistic traits both directly and indirectly. Results indicate that EF may impact sociability and social engagement and their interaction may relate to the degree of autistic traits shown in a typical sample. However, ToM (as measured by the Faux Pas test) was not related to any of the other variables. Originality/value Sociability, social engagement and effortful control deficits may be linked to higher levels of autistic traits. These factors appear to form a hierarchy of factors underpinning autism spectrum disorder, with EF contributing to all aspects, followed by sociability and social engagement at a higher level. Future research examining in clinical populations the utility of a more integrated model of social motivation that incorporates EF appears warranted.

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Temperament and character in men with autism spectrum disorder: A reanalysis of scores on the Temperament and Character Inventory by individual case matching

Cited by 10 publications

References 42 publications

The autism- and schizophrenia-associated protein CYFIP1 regulates bilateral brain connectivity and behaviour

The autism- and schizophrenia-associated protein CYFIP1 regulates bilateral brain connectivity and behaviour

Autism spectrum disorder and personality disorders: Comorbidity and differential diagnosis

The relationship between autistic characteristics, social engagement and executive function in a typical sample

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