Temperament, Attention, and the Development of Self-Regulation

Rothbart, Mary K.; Posner, Michael I.; Kieras, Jessica E.

doi:10.1002/9780470757703.ch17

Cited by 158 publications

(169 citation statements)

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“…There are currently several interrelated possibilities. One is that an individual's attention ability may be predisposed by genetic influences on neural architecture and traits of temperament (e.g., Plomin, 1994;Rothbart, Posner, & Kieras, 2006). For example, Rothbart defined temperament as a two-pronged concept that includes an inherent bias to react to sensory stimulation and the ability to regulate behavior.…”

Section: The Times Are Changingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Face of Attentional Development

Ristic

Enns

2015

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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It is customary to begin a review of attention with an apology for the lack of a clear definition and a nod to William James (1890) for nevertheless encouraging researchers to study it. A practical consequence of this definitional uncertainty has been that the study of attention and its development has been dominated by a handful of tentative operational definitions, called attentional tasks or paradigms. While these paradigms have generated a large amount of research, they have so far failed to produce a sophisticated understanding of age-related changes in attention. Here, we describe an ongoing paradigm shift in the field of attentional development that is occurring in response to this stalemate (Fig. 1). By tracing the recent changes in research practice and connecting them to underlying theoretical ideas, we outline a new conceptualization of attentional development. Developmental changes in attention are now studied as both a cause and an outcome of the dynamic interactions among the environment, the developing brain, and an individual. The Way We WereCognitive science during the second half of the 20th century was dominated by the metaphor of the mind as a computer. Within this view, attention was seen as the mental gatekeeper, as illustrated in Figure 1a, with its primary function being to manage and select a subset of available sensory information for the control of action. An important corollary of the gatekeeper model is the situational invariance assumption. This means that attention operates as an encapsulated module or a functional unit in a similar fashion across different individuals and situations (e.g., Posner, 1978). Following this idea, by adapting the chronometric tasks first developed for testing adults, attentional development researchers started to measure age-related changes in basic attentional functions. This approach promised to detect the onset of attentional abilities in childhood, to record changes in those abilities with maturation, and to document deviations from normative development in atypically developing populations. Figure 2 illustrates and summarizes seven widely used laboratory paradigms of attention.A large body of evidence documenting developmental changes in attentional function has emerged from work using these popular tests (e.g., see Rueda, 2013, for a recent review). However, when we recently evaluated this literature (Ristic & Enns, in press), we noted that the large volume of data generated by the fine-grained laboratory tasks was not matched by a similar refinement in AbstractThe field of attentional development has recently undergone a quiet revolution. Attention is no longer being studied as a static gatekeeper of consciousness and action; instead, it is being reconceptualized as a dynamic system that both influences and is influenced by the interactions between individuals and their environments. In this review, we first revisit the conventional understanding of attentional development, showing that a large body of research conducted using a handful of labor...

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Section: The Times Are Changingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Changing Face of Attentional Development

Ristic

Enns

2015

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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“…Parents who feel unable to soothe their child may develop a low sense of parental self-efficacy, with negative implications for parent-infant relations (Papousek & von Hofacker, 1998;Stifter & Bono, 1998). Additionally, the infant's deployment of attention (e.g., through distraction) may represent an early emotional regulatory mechanism that is a foundation of more complex regulatory strategies (Rothbart, Posner, & Kieras, 2006). …”

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confidence: 99%

Establishing family foundations: Intervention effects on coparenting, parent/infant well-being, and parent-child relations.

Feinberg¹,

Kan²

2008

Journal of Family Psychology

363

372

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This study investigated the ability of a theoretically driven, psychosocial prevention program implemented through childbirth education programs to enhance the coparental relationship, parental mental health, the parent-child relationship, and infant emotional and physiological regulation. A sample of 169 heterosexual, adult couples who were expecting their 1st child was randomized to intervention and control conditions. The intervention families participated in Family Foundations, a series of 8 classes, delivered before and after birth, that was designed as a universal prevention program (i.e., it was applicable to all couples, not just those at high risk). Intent-to-treat analyses indicated significant program effects on coparental support, maternal depression and anxiety, distress in the parent-child relationship, and several indicators of infant regulation. Intervention effects were not moderated by income, but greater positive impact of the program was found for lower educated parents and for families with a father who reported higher levels of insecure attachment in close relationships. These findings support the view that coparenting is a potentially malleable intervention target that may influence family relationships as well as parent and child well-being. Keywordscoparenting; prevention; parenting; infancy Theory and research suggest that coparenting-that is, how parents coordinate their parenting, support or undermine each other, and manage conflict regarding child rearing-is a central aspect of family life (McHale, Kuersten-Hogan, Lauretti, & Rasmussen, 2000;Minuchin, Rosman, & Baker, 1978;Van Egeren, 2004). A number of studies have demonstrated the influence of the coparenting relationship measured across childhoodfrom infancy through adolescence-on measures of parenting, parent-child relations, and child social-emotional adjustment and behavioral problems (Feinberg, Kan, & Hetherington, 2007;Schoppe, Mangelsdorf, & Frosch, 2001). Thus, coparenting is a potential leverage point for enhancement of family functioning and child outcomes.Despite this emerging recognition of the coparenting relationship, there is as yet no published evidence regarding the ability of psychosocial intervention to effect positive Copyright © 2008 NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript change in coparenting (Feinberg, 2002). In this article, we present the first results of a randomized trial of Family Foundations (FF), a universal prevention program that was developed to enhance coparenting quality among cohabiting and/or married couples who were expecting a first child. FF is a series of eight interactive, psychoeducational, skillsbased classes designed for expectant couples who are cohabiting or married. The program is delivered through the universal, nonstigmatizing framework of childbirth education departments of local hospitals. This article is poised to shed light on whether positive coparenting can be enhanced through a universal, group-format program and whether such a pr...

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“…Dışa yönelim sorunları modeli sal tepkisellik) ve içe yönelim sorunları arasın-daki ilişkide aracı rol oynadığı gösterilmiştir. 39 Anne-babalık ve çocukluk dönemi psikopatolojisi üzerinde yapılan çalışmaların çoğu sıklıkla mizaca odaklansa da, 40 içe yönelim sorunlarının gelişimine ilişkin önerilen bazı modeller, özellikle anne-babalık uygulamalarının psikopatolojiye şekil verebileceğini öne sürmüştür. 41 Bu çalışmada dışa yönelim sorunları için öneri-len modele göre ise, çocuk yetiştirme tutumunun alt boyutu olan 'artık boyut/disiplin', aile işlevle-rinin alt boyutu olan 'davranış kontrolü'nü etkilemekte; 'davranış kontrolü' de dışa yönelim sorunları üzerinde etkili olmaktadır.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

The investigation of the relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and temperament, family functioning, child-rearing attitudes

Güzel¹,

Arkar²

2018

Anadolu Psikiyatri Derg

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Temperament, Attention, and the Development of Self-Regulation

Cited by 158 publications

References 0 publications

The Changing Face of Attentional Development

The Changing Face of Attentional Development

Establishing family foundations: Intervention effects on coparenting, parent/infant well-being, and parent-child relations.

The investigation of the relationship between internalizing/externalizing problems and temperament, family functioning, child-rearing attitudes

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