Temperament, executive function, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents: The mediating role of effortful control

Krieger, Virginia; Campos, Juan Antonio Amador; Gallardo-Pujol, David

doi:10.1080/13803395.2019.1599824

Cited by 20 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The two long forms were used: the parent (Conners 3-P: 6-18), and teacher versions (Conners 3-T; 6-18. In our sample, in agreement with previous analyses [54] the reliability (internal consistency) was good.…”

Section: Instrumentssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This test assesses spatial working memory through a task which involves reproducing a visuomotor sequence in the same order as that presented by the examiner (Span Forward; SSpF index) or in reverse order (Span Backward; SSpB index). Reliability (internal consistency) in this sample was good [54].…”

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…In line with this idea, EC in adolescents was associated with cognitive EF and ADHD symptoms in a mediation analysis framework [54]. Indeed, a mediational effect of EC on the relationships between EF and ADHD symptoms in adolescents was observed by Krieger et al [54], who found significant indirect effects of EF (i.e., working memory, planning and inhibition) via EC on the severity of both inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms.…”

Section: Personality Traits Ef and Adhd Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…The current study aimed to extend previous research on the relationship between EF, dispositional traits (i.e., personality and temperament) and ADHD [15,16,54] during adolescence in a mediation framework, by assessing whether the potential pathways linking specific dispositional personality traits (i.e., FFM) to inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms are assembled via EF. Though few studies have explored the relationships between these variables, we expected to find an association between Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion and Neuroticism and ADHD symptoms.…”

Section: Personality Traits Ef and Adhd Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Details of sample recruitment, clinical diagnosis assignment, comorbid disorders, and inclusion and exclusion criteria were described in detail elsewhere [54]. Almost all the adolescents (90.5%) lived in two-parent families.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive functions, Personality traits and ADHD symptoms in adolescents: A mediation analysis

2020

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Certain personality traits and cognitive domains of executive functions (EF) are differentially related to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the five-factor model (FFM) personality characteristics in adolescents with ADHD, and to examine whether EF mediate the relationships between FFM personality traits and ADHD symptoms. A comprehensive diagnostic assessment, including ADHD clinical interviews, ADHD rating scales, neuropsychological EF testing (i.e., working memory, flexibility and inhibition) and a personality assessment was carried out in a sample of 118 adolescents (75 ADHD and 43 control participants, 68% males), aged 12 to 16 years, and their parents and teachers. Adolescents with ADHD had lower scores than control participants on Conscientiousness and Agreeableness, and higher scores on Neuroticism. Structural equation models (SEM) showed that Conscientiousness directly influenced inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive symptoms, while Neuroticism, Agreeableness, and Extraversion directly affected hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. Only Conscientiousness exerted indirect effects on inattention, but not on hyperactivity-impulsivity symptoms, via EF; higher scores on Conscientiousness were related to higher scores on EF, which in turn were related to lower scores on inattentive symptoms. These findings corroborate the relationships between ADHD symptoms, FFM personality traits and EF and indicate the mediating effect of EF on the relationship between Conscientiousness and inattention.

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Section: Instrumentssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Personality Traits Ef and Adhd Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Section: Personality Traits Ef and Adhd Symptomsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Executive functions, Personality traits and ADHD symptoms in adolescents: A mediation analysis

2020

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Important Mechanisms in the Development of Anxiety in Children with ADHD: The Role of Associated Features of ADHD and Interpersonal Functioning

Alacha,

Lefler,

Bufferd

2024

Child Psychiatry Hum Dev

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The Effects of Different Theta and Beta Neurofeedback Training Protocols on Cognitive Control in ADHD

et al. 2022

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Neurofeedback (NF) is an important treatment for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). In ADHD, cognitive control deficits pose considerable problems to patients. However, NF protocols are not yet optimized to enhance cognitive control alongside with clinical symptoms, partly because they are not driven by basic cognitive neuroscience. In this study, we evaluated different EEG theta and/or beta frequency band NF protocols designed to enhance cognitive control. Participants were n = 157 children and adolescents, n = 129 of them were patients with ADHD (n = 28 typically developing (TD) controls). Patients with ADHD were divided into five groups in the order of referral, with four of them taking part in different NF protocols systematically varying theta and beta power. The fifth ADHD group and the TD group did not undergo NF. All NF protocols resulted in reductions of ADHD symptoms. Importantly, only when beta frequencies were enhanced during NF (without any theta regulation or in combination with theta upregulation), consistent enhancing effects in both response inhibition and conflict control were achieved. The theta/beta NF protocol most widely used in clinical settings revealed comparatively limited effects. Enhancements in beta band activity are key when aiming to improve cognitive control functions in ADHD. This calls for a change in the use of theta/beta NF protocols and shows that protocols differing from the current clinical standard are effective in enhancing important facets of cognitive control in ADHD. Further studies need to examine regulation data within the neurofeedback sessions to provide more information about the mechanisms underlying the observed effects.

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Temperament, executive function, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in adolescents: The mediating role of effortful control

Cited by 20 publications

References 122 publications

Executive functions, Personality traits and ADHD symptoms in adolescents: A mediation analysis

Executive functions, Personality traits and ADHD symptoms in adolescents: A mediation analysis

Important Mechanisms in the Development of Anxiety in Children with ADHD: The Role of Associated Features of ADHD and Interpersonal Functioning

The Effects of Different Theta and Beta Neurofeedback Training Protocols on Cognitive Control in ADHD

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