Temperament i płeć a inteligencja emocjonalna

Psychosocial Determinants of the Need for Cognition in Individuals with High Academic Achievements

“…An individual's temperament influences the frequency and intensity of their engagement in seeking specific tasks and social interactions. It determines both one's capacity for processing stimulation and their need for it (Pracka, 2021;Strelau, 2002). Individuals characterized by the need for a high level of stimulation seek numerous and varied activities, including cognitive ones.…”

Polish Psychological Bulletin

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Background and purpose of the reportThere are substantial discrepancies in defining the concept of emotional intelligence (EI). Some authors consider EI to consist of several abilities (instrumental dispositions) that determine one's capacity for processing emotional information (the ability model; see Salovey, Mayer, 1990;Mayer, Salovey, Caruso, 2000, 2004, while others also include personality traits, i.e., dispositions representing tendencies (mixed models; see Goleman, 1995;Bar-On, 1997. Petrides and Furnham (2000) proposed a distinction between the ability-based and traitbased models of EI, which mainly refers to mixed models.

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“…In addition to the g factor, research has revealed two lower-order factors (cf. Brackett, Mayer, Warner, 2004;Ciarrochi, Chan, Caputi, 2000;Mayer, Salovey, Caruso, Sitarenios, 2003;O'Connor, Little, 2003), each consisting of a pair of abilities from Salovey and Mayer's model (for a more exhaustive description, see Salovey, Mayer, 1990;Mayer, Salovey, Caruso, 2000;2004). One consists of the ability to perceive and express emotions and the ability to emotionally support thinking, while the other is comprised of the ability to understand and analyze emotions and the ability to regulate emotions.…”

“…Given the aforementioned functions of temperament (biological basis, modifier of environmental effects, and determinant of one's activity levels), in our opinion the relationship between EI and temperament may be considered from a different point of view (cf. Matczak, 2004). First, since social activity is a strong stimulant, it can be assumed that its frequency and intensity depend on stimulation processing capacity as well as on the need for stimulation, both of which are determined by temperament.…”

“…Second, EI can be fostered not only by numerous and intense social contacts enabled by high stimulation processing capacity, but also by those temperament traits that increase sensitivity to one's own and other people's emotions even if they imply a low need for stimulation (cf. Matczak, 2004).…”