Temperament profile and its association with the vulnerability to smartphone addiction of medical students in Indonesia

Abstract

Temperament profiles of an individual with high novelty seeking and low harm avoidance have been reported to be related to substance addiction, but smartphone addiction could be different from substance addiction. Medical students have high exposure to smartphone use. Screening their risk of smartphone addiction based on the temperament profile may help in deciding best prevention approach. This research aimed to examine the temperament profile and its association with vulnerability to smartphone addiction of medical students in Jakarta, Indonesia. The research was conducted with cross sectional design and simple random sampling. The Temperament and Character Inventory and the Smartphone Addiction Scale were used to measure desired outcomes. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the relationship between demographic factors, pattern of smartphone use, temperament type, and vulnerability to smartphone addiction. Of the 185 samples, most subjects have low novelty seeking, high reward dependence, and high harm avoidance. The average smartphone usage in a day was 7.94 hours (SD 3.92) with the initial age of smartphone usage was 7.58 years (SD 2.43).The respondents used smartphone for communication and accessing social media. High harm avoidance temperament was significantly associated with risk of smartphone addiction with OR 2.035; 95% CI 1.119 to 3.701). This study shows that smartphone addiction has similarities with other behavior addictions. Harm avoidance temperament is associated with the risk of smartphone addiction. Screening on risk of smartphone addiction based on temperament type should be done on medical students.

Phubbing and temperaments among young Lebanese adults: the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence

“…Our results showed that higher depressive temperament was significantly associated with more phubbing, in accordance with a previous study [32]. Similar results were found in many previous studies where smartphone addiction and Internet addiction were found associated with higher depression [19,20,52].…”

“…The cyclothymic temperament is characterized by chronic cycling between mood polarities and unstable self-esteem and energy; the hyperthymic temperament by increased energy and optimism [31], the irritable temperament by irritable and angry behavior; the anxious temperament by a tendency to worry; and depressive temperament by low levels of energy, introversion and worrying [30]. Previous findings showed a strong association between phubbing and these five temperaments [32].…”

“…Previous findings showed that internet addiction prevalence rate is 16.8% among university students in Lebanon [42] and varies between 25.2% [43] and 43.6% [36]among Lebanese adolescents. In many studies, a strong correlation has been found between internet addiction and higher stress, anxiety, and depression [32,42] on one hand, and lower selfesteem and emotional intelligence [33,44] on another hand. Therefore, since the correlation between temperament, self-esteem and emotional intelligence to phubbing has not been studied thoroughly, the main objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate the association between phubbing and temperaments, and (2) assess the mediating effect of self-esteem and emotional intelligence in this association among a sample of Lebanese adults.…”

The Matthew Effect in Recovery from Smartphone Addiction in a 6-Month Longitudinal Study of Children and Adolescents

“…Harm-avoidant temperament and impulsivity are well-known risk factors of PSU and other addictive disorders [ 12 , 42 , 57 , 58 ]. These risk factors may act as biological vulnerabilities to PSU.…”

[Id 52462] Influência Do Uso Do Smartphone Sobre O Equilíbrio De Jovens Durante a Realização De Dupla-Tarefa

“…Esse valor, ainda que considerado alto por alguns autores, é inferior à média observada em estudos que abordam jovens com vícios e dependências no uso do celular 16,17 .…”