Temperate Forests of North and South America

Armestó, Juan J.; Rozzi, Ricardo; Caspersen, John P.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0157-8_11

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Changes in land use are one of the most important human impacts in southern Chilean forests (Lara et al, 1996;Armesto et al, 2001). Postglacial soils are broadly characterized by poor drainage and they occupy large areas of Chiloé Island (Aravena, 1991) and the Lake District (Veit and Garleff, 1996).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…These hydrologic changes associated with anthropogenic disturbance to forests have spread rapidly through the rural landscape of southern Chile, especially during the past decades (Willson and Armesto, 1996;Armesto et al, 2001), and can have broad consequences on successional processes and tree regeneration. Recent studies (Papic, 2000;Díaz, 2004) have postulated an interruption of the successional process following clearing of forests, and their replacement by open shrublands, because of waterlogging of soils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Alteration of the hydrologic cycle due to forest clearing and its consequences for rainforest succession

Díaz

Bigelow

Armestó

2007

Forest Ecology and Management

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alteration of the hydrologic cycle due to forest clearing and its consequences for rainforest succession

Díaz

Bigelow

Armestó

2007

Forest Ecology and Management

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“…This pattern of distribution of species richness ( Fig. 2) must be taken into account when assessing the impact of more recent deforestation trends (Armesto et al, 1998(Armesto et al, , 2001a.…”

Section: Postglacial Forest Recovery and The Pattern Of Tree Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here, we review the history of land cover change in south-central Chile, from the first records of human habitation, at the end of the Last Glacial Age about 15,000 calendar years before the present (cal. yr. BP) (Dillehay et al, 2008) to the present (Lara and Veblen, 1993;Donoso and Lara, 1996;Claude, 1997;Armesto et al, 1994Armesto et al, , 2001a, with the aim of identifying major transitions and their underlying climatic and socio-economic drivers. We start this review by analyzing the transition from the last glacial to the present interglacial in the mid-latitudes of western South America, which was primarily associated with global warming, forest expansion, and sparse indigenous populations of hunting-gatherers living in river basins (Dillehay et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

From the Holocene to the Anthropocene: A historical framework for land cover change in southwestern South America in the past 15,000 years

et al. 2010

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“…ened ecosystems (Olson & Dinerstein 1998, Myers et al 2000. The major threats to southern temperate forests today are land clearing for agriculture, lack of sustainable management practices, massive timber extraction for wood chip production, and large-scale replacement of native forests by commercial monocultures of exotic trees (Lara et al 1996, 2001a. Impacts associated with land use have led to the rapid loss of old-growth forest habitat and increasing fragmentation and isolation of remaining forests (Willson & Armesto 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in tree species richness, stand structure and soil properties in a successional chronosequence in northern Chiloé Island, Chile

Aravena¹,

Carmona²,

Pérez

et al. 2002

Rev. chil. hist. nat.

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101

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Changes in tree species richness, stand structure and soil properties in a successional chronosequence in northern Chiloé Island, ChileCambios en la riqueza de especies arbóreas, estructura de rodales y propiedades del suelo en una cronosecuencia sucesional en el norte de la Isla de Chiloé, Chile ABSTRACTWe studied a chronosequence of forest fragments in northern Chiloé Island, southern Chile, with the aim of assessing ecosystem recovery patterns following anthropogenic disturbance. Hypotheses regarding successional trends in tree species richness, the replacement of shade-intolerant by shade-tolerant species, and the impact of disturbance on soil properties were evaluated in nine forest stands. The chronosequence encompassed two early (minimum stand age <15 years), three mid-successional (30-60 years), three late-successional (129-134 years), and one old-growth stand (ca. 200 years). Stand ages were estimated by coring a minimum of 30 canopy trees in each stand. Early and mid-successional stands showed evidence of human disturbance by fire of moderate intensity, with few scattered old trees surviving the fire. We determined densities and basal areas of all trees in a 50 x 20 m plot, and densities of saplings and seedlings in subsamples of each plot. Soil pH, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents, available N, and bulk density were used to characterize soil processes across the chronosequence. In contrast to the hypothesis that predicts a decline in tree species richness during the course of succession due to competitive exclusion of pioneers, species richness of canopy trees increased from 3 to 13 through the chronosequence. This trend was accompanied by a more even distribution of species importance values in late succession. Changes in richness were unrelated to stem densities, which were highest in mid-successional forests. The number of species of woody seedlings and saplings did not change with stand age. Most tree species, both shade tolerant and intolerants, were present as seedlings in all the stands, but canopy dominance shifted from shade-intolerants in early and mid-successional forests to shade-tolerant species in late-successional and old-growth stands. We did not observe a complete replacement of these two groups of species, as shade-intolerant trees were still present in the canopy and/or understory of older stands. The successional trend fits Egler's Initial Floristic Composition Model, whereby differences in life history attributes among tree species account for major changes in dominance through succession. Soil properties were generally similar across the chronosequence of stands, suggesting that both ecosystem processes and tree regeneration were fairly resilient to moderate-intensity fire. We conclude that because of the relatively short history of human impact in the area, largely limited to the 20 th century, and the carry over of structural elements such as snags, logs, and large living trees in disturbed stands, lowland forest patches in northern Chiloé show resilience to human di...

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Temperate Forests of North and South America

Cited by 17 publications

References 45 publications

Alteration of the hydrologic cycle due to forest clearing and its consequences for rainforest succession

Alteration of the hydrologic cycle due to forest clearing and its consequences for rainforest succession

From the Holocene to the Anthropocene: A historical framework for land cover change in southwestern South America in the past 15,000 years

Changes in tree species richness, stand structure and soil properties in a successional chronosequence in northern Chiloé Island, Chile

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