Temperate-Water Immersion as a Treatment for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms

Miller, Kevin; Truxton, Tyler; Long, Blaine

doi:10.4085/1062-6050-52.5.05

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The cooling measures should be restarted if the body temperature increases again. The following cooling methods, but not limited to those listed, can be used on site [59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69]. 1) Cooling by evaporation: Effective cooling can be achieved by spraying the individual with cold water or misting the skin with water while applying air with a fan.…”

Section: On-site Emergency Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of heat stroke in China

et al. 2020

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Heat stroke (HS) is a fatal disease caused by thermal damage in the body, and it has a very high mortality rate. In 2015, the People's Liberation Army Professional Committee of Critical Care Medicine published the first expert consensus on HS in China, Expert consensus on standardized diagnosis and treatment for heat stroke. With an increased understanding of HS and new issues that emerged during the HS treatment in China in recent years, the 2015 consensus no longer meet the requirements for HS prevention and treatment. It is necessary to update the consensus to include the latest research evidence and establish a new consensus that has broader coverage, is more practical and is more in line with China's national conditions. This new expert consensus includes new concept of HS, recommendations for laboratory tests and auxiliary examinations, new understanding of diagnosis and differential diagnosis, On-site emergency treatment and In-hospital treatment, translocation of HS patients and prevention of HS.

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Section: On-site Emergency Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of heat stroke in China

et al. 2020

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“…Anecdotally, some subjects reported feeling pain in their hands and feet during PLP treatment that was not reported in TUB. Previously, we 15 observed subjects better tolerated and reported feeling more comfortable during and after water immersion when 21°C water was used to treat hyperthermic subjects. However, the cooling rate with these warmer water baths was only 'acceptable' (0.12±0.05°C/min) and not 'ideal.'…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…However, the cooling rate with these warmer water baths was only 'acceptable' (0.12±0.05°C/min) and not 'ideal.' 15 Therefore, while the PLP was quite effective at reducing T REC , the low water temperatures induced significant shivering, higher ESQ scores, and much lower nadir T REC values. Consequently, clinicians who use the PLP with water temperatures comparable to what we used should heed the NATAs recommendation 1 and remove patients from the PLP when T REC is 38.9°C and be prepared with re-warming strategies to help patients feel better and prevent hypothermic afterdrop.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…5 Based on these assumptions, we needed 10 subjects. To increase power and have a similar number of subjects as other hyperthermia studies, 9,10,15,20 we tested a convenience sample of 17 healthy, physically-active men and women. Unfortunately, four subjects discontinued testing due to the difficulty of the exercise protocol.…”

Section: O N L I N E F I R S Tmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Authors have used these scales to identify whether individuals experience higher or lower degrees of thermal stress 10,13 and the usefulness of various treatments. 14,15 Experimentally, these perceptual scales provide useful information about the intensity of the exercise protocol and whether subjects experienced significant thermal stress. 9,10,13 This is important since EHS cannot be induced in O n l i n e F i r s t Polar Life Pod Cooling, 4 laboratory settings ethically.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Excellent Rectal Temperature Cooling Rates in the Polar Life Pod Consistent With Stationary Tubs

Miller

Amaria

2022

Journal of Athletic Training

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Context Several tools exist to reduce rectal temperature (TREC) quickly for patients experiencing exertional heatstroke (EHS). Stationary tubs effectively treat EHS but are bulky and impractical in some situations. More portable cold-water immersion techniques, such as tarp-assisted cooling with oscillation, are gaining popularity because of their benefits (eg, less water needed, portability). The Polar Life Pod (PLP) may be another portable way to reduce TREC, but few researchers have examined its effectiveness. Objectives To determine whether the PLP and stationary tub reduced TREC at acceptable or ideal rates, whether TREC cooling rates differed by method, and how participants felt before, during, and after cooling. Design Randomized crossover study. Setting Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Thirteen individuals (8 men, 5 women; age = 21 ± 2 years, mass = 73.99 ± 11.24 kg, height = 176.2 ± 11.1 cm). Intervention(s) Participants exercised in the heat until TREC was 39.5°C. They immersed themselves in either the PLP (202.7 ± 23.8 L, 3.2 ± 0.6°C) or a stationary tub (567.8 ± 7.6 L, 15.0 ± 0.1°C) until TREC was 38°C. Thermal sensation and environmental symptom questionnaire (ESQ) responses were recorded before, during, and after exercise and cooling. Main Outcome Measure(s) Rectal temperature cooling rates, thermal sensation, and ESQ responses. Results Participants had similar exercise durations (PLP = 41.6 ± 6.9 minutes, tub = 42.2 ± 9.3 minutes, t12 = 0.5, P = .31), thermal sensation scores (PLP = 7.0 ± 0.5, tub = 7.0 ± 0.5, P > .05), and ESQ scores (PLP = 25 ± 13, tub = 29 ± 14, P > .05) immediately postexercise each day. Although TREC cooling rates were excellent in both conditions, the PLP cooled faster than the stationary tub (PLP = 0.28 ± 0.09°C/min, tub = 0.20 ± 0.09°C/min, t12 = 2.5, P = .01). Thermal sensation in the PLP condition was lower than that in the tub condition halfway through cooling (PLP = 1 ± 1, tub = 2 ± 1, P < .05) and postcooling (PLP = 2 ± 1, tub = 3 ± 1, P < .05). The ESQ scores were higher for PLP than for the stationary tub postcooling (PLP = 25 ± 14, tub = 12 ± 9, P < .05). Conclusions The PLP and the stationary tub cooled individuals with hyperthermia at ideal rates for treating patients with EHS (ie, >0.16°C/min). The PLP may be an effective tool for treating EHS when limited water volumes and portability are concerns. Clinicians should have rewarming tools and strategies (eg, heating blankets) available to improve patients' comfort after PLP use.

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Heatstroke management during the COVID‐19 epidemic: recommendations from the experts in Japan

Yokobori

2020

Acute Medicine & Surgery

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Fever and hyperthermia are the main symptoms of COVID‐19 and heatstroke, it is difficult to distinguish them. We came to think that there is a need to discuss safe prevention and medical treatment for heatstroke. In view of the above issues, the Japanese Association for Acute Medicine “Committee on Heatstroke and Hypothermia” established a "Working group on heatstroke medical care given the COVID‐19 epidemic" jointly with the Japanese Society for Emergency Medicine that focuses on emergency medical personnel including paramedics and nurses, the Japanese Association for Infectious Diseases, an academic society of infectious disease, and the Japanese Respiratory Society, an academic organization on respiratory diseases. The precautions for prevention of heatstroke this summer during the coronavirus epidemic was summarized in "Proposals on heatstroke prevention based on the COVID‐19 epidemic" as follows and was issued on June 1, 2020. Based on the above, we have determined that guidance in clinical practice is necessary not only from the viewpoint of heatstroke prevention, but also from the viewpoint of medical treatment. As such, we have created this guidance in the form of supplementary recommendation.

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Temperate-Water Immersion as a Treatment for Hyperthermic Humans Wearing American Football Uniforms

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of heat stroke in China

Expert consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of heat stroke in China

Excellent Rectal Temperature Cooling Rates in the Polar Life Pod Consistent With Stationary Tubs

Heatstroke management during the COVID‐19 epidemic: recommendations from the experts in Japan

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