Temperature- and density-dependence of diapause induction and its life history correlates in the geometrid moth Chiasmia clathrata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Välimäki, Panu; Kivelä, Sami M.; Mäenpää, Maarit I.

doi:10.1007/s10682-013-9657-8

Cited by 14 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…However, changes in diapause timing are also often correlated with latitudinal variation in abiotic factors such as photoperiod and temperature (reviewed in Hut et al ., ). For example, latitudinal variation exists with respect to the critical photoperiod required to induce diapause among a wide range of insects, including wasps ( Nasonia : Paolucci et al ., ), moths ( Ostrinia : Showers, ; Huang et al ., ; Chiasmia : Välimäki et al ., ), butterflies ( Papilio : Valella & Scriber, ; Sericinus : Wang et al ., ), crickets ( Pteronemobius : Masaki, ) and mosquitos ( Wyeomyia : Bradshaw et al ., ). The parallel clines in voltinism and diapause timing support diapause as a key life history phase in life cycle synchronization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the sawtooth: latitudinal periodicity in a circadian gene correlates with shifts in generation number

Levy

Kozak

Wadsworth

et al. 2014

J of Evolutionary Biology

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Many temperate insects take advantage of longer growing seasons at lower latitudes by increasing their generation number or voltinism. In some insects, development time abruptly decreases when additional generations are fit into the season. Consequently, latitudinal 'sawtooth' clines associated with shifts in voltinism are seen for phenotypes correlated with development time, like body size. However, latitudinal variation in voltinism has not been linked to genetic variation at specific loci. Here, we show a pattern in allele frequency among voltinism ecotypes of the European corn borer moth (Ostrinia nubilalis) that is reminiscent of a sawtooth cline. We characterized 145 autosomal and sex-linked SNPs and found that period, a circadian gene that is genetically linked to a major QTL determining variation in post-diapause development time, shows cyclical variation between voltinism ecotypes. Allele frequencies at an unlinked circadian clock gene cryptochrome1 were correlated with period. These results suggest that selection on development time to 'fit' complete life cycles into a latitudinally varying growing season produces oscillations in alleles associated with voltinism, primarily through changes at loci underlying the duration of transitions between diapause and other life history phases. Correlations among clock loci suggest possible coupling between the circadian clock and the circannual rhythms for synchronizing seasonal life history. We anticipate that latitudinal oscillations in allele frequency will represent signatures of adaptation to seasonal environments in other insects and may be critical to understanding the ecological and evolutionary consequences of variable environments, including response to global climate change.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining the sawtooth: latitudinal periodicity in a circadian gene correlates with shifts in generation number

Levy

Kozak

Wadsworth

et al. 2014

J of Evolutionary Biology

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“…By exploring the effects of such relaxed selection, it is possible to study the importance of ongoing selection for upholding adaptive developmental plasticity in the form of pathway‐specific regulation of life‐history traits. Some recent studies suggest that populations experiencing relaxed selection on the direct pathway show significantly reduced differences among pathways in growth and developmental rates, which indicates that this type of differentiation in bivoltine populations is contingent on ongoing selection (Noriyuki, Akiyama & Nishida ; Aalberg Haugen, Berger & Gotthard ; Välimäki, Kivelä & Mäenpää ; Välimäki et al . ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diapause induction and relaxed selection on alternative developmental pathways in a butterfly

Haugen

Gotthard

2014

Journal of Animal Ecology

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Summary1. Seasonal phenotypic plasticity entails differential trait expression depending on the time of season. The facultative induction of winter diapause in temperate insects is a developmental switch mechanism often leading to differential expression in life-history traits. However, when there is a latitudinal shift from a bivoltine to univoltine life cycle, selection for pathway-specific expression is disrupted, which may allow drift towards less optimal trait values within the non-selected pathway. 2. We use field-and experimental data from five Swedish populations of Pararge aegeria to investigate latitudinal variation in voltinism, local adaptation in the diapause switch and footprints of selection on pathway-specific regulation of life-history traits and sexual dimorphism in larval development. 3. Field data clearly illustrated how natural populations gradually shift from bivoltinism to univoltinism as latitude increases. This was supported experimentally as the decrease in direct development at higher latitudes was accompanied by increasing critical daylengths, suggesting local adaptation in the diapause switch. 4. The differential expression among developmental pathways in development time and growth rate was significantly less pronounced in univoltine populations. Univoltine populations showed no significant signs of protandry during larval development, suggesting that erosion of the direct development pathway under relaxed selection has led to the loss of its sex-specific modifications.

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“…, ; Välimäki et al. ). Most individuals have, however, ‘decided’ the developmental pathway before the final instar (Friberg et al.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…, ; Pöykkö and Hyvärinen ; Välimäki et al. , b; Aalberg Haugen and Gotthard ; Clemmensen and Hahn ). Consequently, there are alternative developmental pathways resulting either in the expression of diapause (overwintering) or direct development into reproductive adult (without diapause) in the same season.…”

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Thermal plasticity of growth and development varies adaptively among alternative developmental pathways

et al. 2015

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Polyphenism, the expression of discrete alternative phenotypes, is often a consequence of a developmental switch. Physiological changes induced by a developmental switch potentially affect reaction norms, but the evolution and existence of alternative reaction norms remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that, in the butterfly Pieris napi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae), thermal reaction norms of several life history traits vary adaptively among switch-induced alternative developmental pathways of diapause and direct development. The switch was affected both by photoperiod and temperature, ambient temperature during late development having the potential to override earlier photoperiodic cues. Directly developing larvae had higher development and growth rates than diapausing ones across the studied thermal gradient. Reaction norm shapes also differed between the alternative developmental pathways, indicating pathway-specific selection on thermal sensitivity. Relative mass increments decreased linearly with increasing temperature and were higher under direct development than diapause. Contrary to predictions, population phenology did not explain trait variation or thermal sensitivity, but our experimental design probably lacks power for finding subtle phenology effects. We demonstrate adaptive differentiation in thermal reaction norms among alternative phenotypes, and suggest that the consequences of an environmentally dependent developmental switch primarily drive the evolution of alternative thermal reaction norms in P. napi.

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Temperature- and density-dependence of diapause induction and its life history correlates in the geometrid moth Chiasmia clathrata (Lepidoptera: Geometridae)

Cited by 14 publications

References 45 publications

Explaining the sawtooth: latitudinal periodicity in a circadian gene correlates with shifts in generation number

Explaining the sawtooth: latitudinal periodicity in a circadian gene correlates with shifts in generation number

Diapause induction and relaxed selection on alternative developmental pathways in a butterfly

Thermal plasticity of growth and development varies adaptively among alternative developmental pathways

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