Temperature and low concentration effects of the urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (nBTPT) on ammonia volatilization from urea

Urease Inhibitors of Agricultural Interest Inspired by Structures of Plant Phenolic Aldehydes

“…16 The NBPT effectiveness is directly related to soil properties in which low concentration of this urease proinhibitor is needed to achieve the desired result in temperate soils while greater concentrations are required for tropical soils. [17][18][19][20] Additionally, NBPT is more efficient in neutral soils with limited organic matter. 17,21 Tropical soils exhibit organic matter and microbial biomass dynamics different from temperate soils.…”

“…[17][18][19][20] Additionally, NBPT is more efficient in neutral soils with limited organic matter. 17,21 Tropical soils exhibit organic matter and microbial biomass dynamics different from temperate soils. 22 The amendment of soil with organic matter demanded from 2-to 4-fold NBPT to alleviate N volatilization by 20% in comparison to soils devoid of crop residues.…”

Volatilization of ammonia in stabilized slow-release nitrogen fertilizer under controlled conditions

“…For the experimental conditions of this study (temperature, soil moisture and soil type), the physical coatings were more efficient in reducing N losses in relation to chemical coatings. Carmona et al (1990) reported that the use of the NBPT may not be able to completely control the N-NH 3 loss, because this type of coating does not withstand temperatures between 25 to 32°C. According to the authors these temperatures favor the hydrolysis of urea and over time there is a decrease in the concentration of the inhibitor.…”

Increasing NBPT rates to reduce ammonia volatilization losses from urea applied over sugarcane straw

“…During the first week after fertilizing there was enough soil moisture for the hydrolysis of untreated urea leading to a first peak of volatilization for this treatment, which suddenly stopped after soil drying. Besides, the high urease activity, associated with a high temperatures occurred in the first week after fertilizing, may have promoted a rapid and substantial degradation of NBPT (CARMONA; CHRISTIANSON; BYRNES, 1990;ENGEL et al, 2013). Then, when a light rainfall triggered the volatilization process for all treatments at 12 DAF, the NBPT shortage to promote an adequate inhibition in presence of non-hydrolyzed urea led to high rate of loss at the Tmax for NBPT-treated urea, if considered the model.…”

“…The component 2 suggests that the high urease activity promoted by straw and warm temperatures, since this enzyme activity increases as the temperature rises (MOYO; KISSEL; CABRERA, 1989;DHARMAKEERTHI;THENABADU, 1996), and by the NBPT degradation under high temperatures resulted in loss of efficiency (BOUWMEESTER;VLEK;STUMPE, 1985;BYRNES, 1990;SUTER et al, 2011;ENGEL et al, 2013). Notwithstanding the comparative less favorable conditions to urease activity, Piracicaba II presented the second highest NH3 loss from urea untreated of the six experiments, what may have been related to the low straw content in that trial, since this variable was very negatively related to the maximum loss.…”