Temperature and Other Factors Concerned in Male Biparentalism in Habrobracon

Whiting, P. W.; Anderson, Russell L.

doi:10.1086/280448

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Contrasting findings have been reported regarding the H. hebetor sex ratio with some studies reporting a male-biased sex ratio (Nikam and Pawar 1993;Gündüz and Gülel 2005;Eliopoulos and Stathas 2008;Landge et al 2009) and others a female-biased sex ratio (Yu et al 1999;Ghimire and Phillips 2010;Farag et al 2012). These conflicting reports on H. hebetor progeny sex ratio are likely due to differences in the host larvae used, host larval stages, hostparasitoid ratio and environmental conditions (Whiting and Anderson 1932;Benson 1973;Rotary and Gerling 1973;King 1987;Ode et al 1996;Yu et al 2003;Dabhi et al 2011). Likewise the male-biased sex ratio could be due to unfavourable rearing conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentative on-farm delivery methods for the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to control the millet head miner Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Burkina Faso and Niger

Bâ¹,

Baoua

Kaboré

et al. 2014

BioControl

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Augmentative on-farm delivery methods for the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to control the millet head miner (MHM) Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were investigated in Burkina Faso from 2011 to 2012 and in Niger in 2012. Our findings indicate that 7 cm 9 10 cm jute bags containing 50 g of millet grains, 30 g of millet flour, 25 Corcyra cephalonica larvae and two mated H. hebetor females are the most effective option for on-farm delivery of the parasitoid. The parasitoid progeny started emerging from the bags eight days after confinement and 57-71 parasitoid adults emerged from each bag. Using the methods we developed, over 90 % parasitism of MHM larvae was achieved in millet farms. The implications of these findings for a large extension of MHM biocontrol program are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Augmentative on-farm delivery methods for the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to control the millet head miner Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Burkina Faso and Niger

Bâ¹,

Baoua

Kaboré

et al. 2014

BioControl

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“…An alternative explanation for the relatively high DM proportion in the mother-son mating may be that the females were kept at 10°for $12 days while their sons developed. Sex determination in N. vitripennis appears to be influenced by the age of the mother and by temperature (Beukeboom and Kamping 2006;, and some studies have suggested a temperature effect on DM production under CSD (Whiting and Anderson 1932; but see Weiser et al 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Support for Multiple-Locus Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Cotesia vestalis

et al. 2008

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Despite its fundamental role in development, sex determination is highly diverse among animals. Approximately 20% of all animals are haplodiploid, with haploid males and diploid females. Haplodiploid species exhibit diverse but poorly understood mechanisms of sex determination. Some hymenopteran insect species exhibit single-locus complementary sex determination (sl-CSD), where heterozygosity at a polymorphic sex locus initiates female development. Diploid males are homozygous at the sex locus and represent a genetic load because they are inviable or sterile. Inbreeding depression associated with CSD is therefore expected to select for other modes of sex determination resulting in fewer or no diploid males. Here, we investigate an alternative, heretofore hypothetical, mode of sex determination: multiple-locus CSD (ml-CSD). Under ml-CSD, diploid males are predicted to develop only from zygotes that are homozygous at all sex loci. We show that inbreeding for eight generations in the parasitoid wasp Cotesia vestalis leads to increasing proportions of diploid males, a pattern that is consistent with ml-CSD but not sl-CSD. The proportion of diploid males (0.27 6 0.036) produced in the first generation of inbreeding (mother-son cross) suggests that two loci are likely involved. We also modeled diploid male production under CSD with three linked loci. Our data visually resemble CSD with linked loci because diploid male production in the second generation was lower than that in the first. To our knowledge, our data provide the first experimental support for ml-CSD.

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“…The temperature at which offspring are reared probably affects the mortality of diploid males. Diploid males are less frequent in progeny reared at 20°C, compared with those reared at 30°C (Whiting & Anderson 1932). Snell (1935) proposed an alternative explanation for the <50% males in diploid offspring of close crossed H. hebetor.…”

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confidence: 99%

Genetics of Sex Determination and the Improvement of Biological Control Using Parasitoids

Stouthamer

Luck

Werren

1992

Environmental Entomology

134

156

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Diploid males are known to occur in several braconid and ichneumonid species. These diploid males are the result of a single-locus, sex-determination mechanism. Heterozygotes at this sex locus develop into females, whereas homozvgotes (haploids) and homozygotes (diploids) develop into males. Diploid males have a low fertility and their frequency drastically increases with small populations or inbreeding. The implications of this sex-determining mechanism for the use of parasitoids in biological control are explored. Production of diploid males leads to male-biased sex ratios and can reduce rates of establishment and population growth. Taxa in which a single-locus sex determination has been found (e.g., Ichneumonidae and Braconidae) often experience extreme male-biased sex ratios in mass rearing and have been more difficult to establish than taxa with other modes of sex determination (e.g., Chalcidoids). The effect of laboratory rearing on the number of sex alleles, frequency of diploid males, and population growth rates is explored by computer simulation. Methods of rearing and release that can enhance the number of sex alleles and the establishment of parasitoids are discussed. Furthermore, additional small-scale releases may enhance the effectiveness of already established populations by increasing number of sex alleles and the rate at which their population grows. KEY WORDS Insecta, diploid male, biological control, rearing NATURAL ENEMIES USED for biological control often go through genetic bottlenecks during collection, rearing, and subsequent establishment in the field. Such bottlenecks reduce genetic variability, which is thought to impede a population's ability to adapt to new environments and, therefore, its potential for the biological control (Unruh et al. 1983). In Hymenoptera, reduced genetic variability causes an additional problem: the production of diploid males from fertilized eggs. The occurrence of diploid males is a consequence of the sex-determining mechanisms in certain Hymenoptera-i.e., a singlelocus, sex-determination mechanism first described by A. R. and P. W. Whiting and their students (reviewed in Whiting 1961). The Whitings studied sex determination in Habrobracon hebetor Say and found that haploid individuals were always males, whereas diploid individuals were generally females. However, under inbreeding conditions some diploid individuals were males. Diploid males, once known only from H. hebetor and some bees, have recently

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Temperature and Other Factors Concerned in Male Biparentalism in Habrobracon

Cited by 16 publications

References 1 publication

Augmentative on-farm delivery methods for the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to control the millet head miner Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Burkina Faso and Niger

Augmentative on-farm delivery methods for the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) to control the millet head miner Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Burkina Faso and Niger

Experimental Support for Multiple-Locus Complementary Sex Determination in the Parasitoid Cotesia vestalis

Genetics of Sex Determination and the Improvement of Biological Control Using Parasitoids

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