Temperature and Rainfall Patterns Constrain the Multidimensional Rewilding of Global Forests

Zhou, Guiyao; Zhou, Guiyao; Eldridge, David J.; Han, Ximei; Song, Yi; Liu, Ruiqiang; Zhou, Lingyan; He, Yanghui; Du, Zhenggang; Delgado‐Baquerizo, Manuel

doi:10.1002/advs.202201144

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(90 reference statements)

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“…Grand mean of RR was calculated using weighted mean of RR using the equation:

italicRRg goodbreak= \frac{\sum ()(, italicni * italicRRi)}{\sum italicni}

where RRg is the grand response ratio of soil N 2 O emissions across all studies, RRi the response ratio of soil N 2 O emission from the i th meta‐analysis study (paper), and n i the sample size. We took a conservative approach and used the sample size as weight rather than the reverse of variance, as differences in variance, especially some small variances may create heavy weights on a few studies (Eldridge et al, 2016; Sánchez‐Meca & Marin‐Martinez, 1998; Zhou et al, 2022).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses

et al. 2022

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Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is the third important long-lived greenhouse gas next to carbon dioxide and methane and croplands are considered biogeochemical hotspots of soil N 2 O emissions. To reduce soil N 2 O and other greenhouse emissions, climate-smart agricultural practices including biochar application have been applied. Many studies have been conducted with biochar application but results from these studies are not conclusive. To address this issue, meta-analysis, a quantitative review that synthesizes results from multiple independent studies, has been widely used. The results from different meta-analyses also differ but are seldomly evaluated. In this study, we evaluated meta-analyses on the effects of biochar application on soil N 2 O emissions. A grand mean response ratio (RR) was further proposed to estimate an overall effect and the impacts of experiment setting, properties of biochar and soil, and agricultural practices. We found 18 metaanalysis papers were published between 2014 and 2022. Sample size (publications or experiments) varied from less than 30 to more than 1000, with a mean sample size of 275. RR was calculated in all studies except one. While four meta-analyses did not find a significant effect of biochar application on soil N 2 O emissions, all others reported reductions of soil N 2 O emissions, but the magnitude ranged from −10.5% to −54.8%. Synthesizing all results from these meta-analyses, we found that biochar application overall significantly reduced the soil N 2 O emissions by 38.8%. The impacts increased with experimental duration till one and half years and reduced after that. Biochar application rate and C:N ratio had large influence on the effects of biochar application on soil N 2 O emissions. This study demonstrated that while meta-analysis provides a more comprehensive and better estimation, the inconsistence among these studies may need to be further evaluated.A grand mean RR based on meta-analyses could be more accurate and representative than single meta-analysis.

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“…Grand mean of RR was calculated using weighted mean of RR using the equation:

italicRRg goodbreak= \frac{\sum ()(, italicni * italicRRi)}{\sum italicni}

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses

et al. 2022

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“…Ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) index has been increasingly considered as a reliable indicator reflecting the effects of climate change and anthropogenic activity on multiple ecosystem functions (Z. C. Zhang et al, 2021; Zhou et al, 2022). Reports had showed that reseeding could greatly affect multiple ecosystem functions in alpine meadows such as plant diversity, productivity, and soil physical and chemical properties (Gou et al, 2019; Li et al, 2021; L. Liu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial reseeding improves multiple ecosystem functions in an alpine sandy meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau

et al. 2023

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Desertification in alpine grasslands is exacerbated by rapid climate change and intensive anthropogenic activity, which will substantially threaten the structure and function of alpine grassland ecosystems. Artificial reseeding was a widely used strategy for the restoration of alpine sandy grasslands. However, it is still unclear whether reseeding restoration can improve multiple ecosystem functions of sandy meadows. To narrow these knowledge gaps, we evaluated the changes in plant communities, soil conditions, and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF) across native meadow, sandy meadow, and restored meadow on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, and further identified the links between individual and multiple ecosystem functions. Artificial reseeding had contributed to the promotion of plant diversity, productivity, soil fertility, and soil carbon and nitrogen sequestrations. However, the recovery levels of plant diversity, productivity, and soil fertility in the restored meadow were still far lower than that in the native meadow. The results revealed that the EMF index of the restored meadow increased greatly compared with the sandy meadow, but it did not recover to that of the native meadow level. In addition, short‐term reseeding improved the aboveground EMF index more than the belowground EMF index. The EMF indexes and most individual ecosystem functions showed positive correlations with plant diversity and productivity. These findings indicated an important role of artificial reseeding in the restoration of ecosystem functions in the alpine sandy meadow, and it had critical implications for the regional ecological security and sustainable development of alpine grasslands.

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“…By slowing down the rate of SOC mineralization and increasing SOC content, it is possible to reduce the release of CO 2 into the atmosphere and maintain soil health. To date, our understanding of how ecological restoration affects SOC mineralization and its mechanism in alpine grasslands lags considerably behind that of SOC storage ( Zhou et al, 2022 ). These knowledge gaps undermine our predictions of ecological restoration effects on soil C processes and constrain the improvement of restoration management practices to resist land degradation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking between soil properties, bacterial communities, enzyme activities, and soil organic carbon mineralization under ecological restoration in an alpine degraded grassland

et al. 2023

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Soil organic carbon (SOC) mineralization is affected by ecological restoration and plays an important role in the soil C cycle. However, the mechanism of ecological restoration on SOC mineralization remains unclear. Here, we collected soils from the degraded grassland that have undergone 14 years of ecological restoration by planting shrubs with Salix cupularis alone (SA) and, planting shrubs with Salix cupularis plus planting mixed grasses (SG), with the extremely degraded grassland underwent natural restoration as control (CK). We aimed to investigate the effect of ecological restoration on SOC mineralization at different soil depths, and to address the relative importance of biotic and abiotic drivers of SOC mineralization. Our results documented the statistically significant impacts of restoration mode and its interaction with soil depth on SOC mineralization. Compared with CK, the SA and SG increased the cumulative SOC mineralization but decreased C mineralization efficiency at the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil depths. Random Forest analyses showed that soil depth, microbial biomass C (MBC), hot-water extractable organic C (HWEOC), and bacterial community composition were important indicators that predicted SOC mineralization. Structural equal modeling indicated that MBC, SOC, and C-cycling enzymes had positive effects on SOC mineralization. Bacterial community composition regulated SOC mineralization via controlling microbial biomass production and C-cycling enzyme activities. Overall, our study provides insights into soil biotic and abiotic factors in association with SOC mineralization, and contributes to understanding the effect and mechanism of ecological restoration on SOC mineralization in a degraded grassland in an alpine region.

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Temperature and Rainfall Patterns Constrain the Multidimensional Rewilding of Global Forests

Cited by 26 publications

References 58 publications

How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses

How much is soil nitrous oxide emission reduced with biochar application? An evaluation of meta‐analyses

Artificial reseeding improves multiple ecosystem functions in an alpine sandy meadow of the eastern Tibetan Plateau

Linking between soil properties, bacterial communities, enzyme activities, and soil organic carbon mineralization under ecological restoration in an alpine degraded grassland

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