Temperature and velocity properties of a ceiling jet impinging on an unconfined inclined ceiling

A study on ceiling jet characteristics in an inclined tunnel

“…c;H ¼ 0:188 þ 0:313r up cos h H À4=3ð3ÞAs shown in the literature(Oka and Ando, 2013; Gas temperatures. …”

“…(2)-(5) (Oka et al, 2010a,b;Oka and Imazeki, 2010;Oka and Ando, 2013;Oka and Matsuyama, 2013) are not applicable to calculate temperature near the ceiling in inclined tunnels with bounded walls and an inclined fire source.…”

“…CFD results were compared with measured values in full-scale burning tests. Studies were carried out by Oka et al (2010a,b), Imazeki (2010, 2014), and Oka and Ando (2013) on sloped ceiling by placing a smooth plate at different inclination angles above the fire source. Empirical equations for gas temperature and flow velocity were summarized for ceiling jet flow near the unbounded upper wall in an inclined tunnel.…”

“…Comparisons of non-dimensional temperature by CFD simulation and empirical equations byOka and Ando (2013),Oka and Matsuyama (2013), and.…”

Ceiling Jet Flow Property in the Case of Flame Touching an Inclined Ceiling

“…Fewer studies [7][8] have reported on the ceiling jet flow produced by a steady fire source along an inclined smooth ceiling. Authors [9][10][11] also examined the effect of the ceiling inclination angle on the temperature and velocity along the steepest run in the upward direction, horizontal distribution of temperature in the spanwise direction, and the Gaussian momentum and thermal thickness of the ceiling layer with a flame height being considerably less than the ceiling height. Although flame impingement on the ceiling influences the ceiling jet, the dependence of the ceiling jet flow properties on the inclination angle has not yet been established.…”