Temperature and voltage sensing based on a tapered optical fiber device with the liquid crystal cladding

Korec, Joanna; Stasiewicz, Karol A.; Jaroszewicz, Leszek R.; Piecek, Wiktor; Kula, Przemysław

doi:10.1016/j.yofte.2020.102190

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Tapered optical fibers were made from the optical fiber SMF @ 1550 using the fiber optic taper element technology (FOTET-Fiber Optic Taper Element Technology) system. Scheme and a detailed description of the manufacturing process are included in the previous articles, hence it will not be presented in this paper [30]. Obtained tapered fibers were characterized by the following parameters: length of the tapered waist L = 20.20 ± 0.12 mm, diameter of the taper waist Φ = 15.5 ± 0.5 µm, and loss a = 0.20 ± 0.04 dB.…”

Section: Preparation Of Liquid Crystal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SPR Effect Controlled by an Electric Field in a Tapered Optical Fiber Surrounded by a Low Refractive Index Nematic Liquid Crystal

et al. 2020

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This paper presents the influence of a thin metal layer deposition on the surface of a tapered optical fiber surrounded by a low liquid crystal, on light propagation inside the taper structure. In this research, three types of liquid crystal cells were under investigation: orthogonal, parallel, and twist. They differed by the rubbing direction of the electrodes in relation to the fiber axis determining the initial molecule arrangement inside the cell. Gold films with thickness d = 30 nm were deposited on the tapered fiber surface in the tapered waist area. Cells including a tapered optical fiber with no metallic layer were also examined and presented as a reference. All measurements were performed at room temperature for a different steering voltage U from 0 to 200 V, with and without any amplitude modulation with a frequency f = 5 Hz, and the wavelength λ range from 550 to 1200 nm. As a result, the resonant peaks were obtained, which depends on a liquid crystal cell type and steering voltage, as well. This paper shows the possibility of sensing the change of applied voltage by the constructed system. During measurements, additional effects as signal overlapping and intermodal interference were observed reducing measured voltage value. In the future, the improved, similar systems that will have a better response could be used as a sensor of factors to which liquid crystal (LC) will be sensitive, especially temperature and electric field.

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Section: Preparation Of Liquid Crystal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The scheme of the LC cell is presented in Figure 4a. In this research, the three types of LC cells, previously described also in [30], were under investigation. They were different from each other in terms of the rubbing direction of the alignment layer on the electrodes in relation to the optical fiber axis.…”

Section: Preparation Of Liquid Crystal Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SPR Effect Controlled by an Electric Field in a Tapered Optical Fiber Surrounded by a Low Refractive Index Nematic Liquid Crystal

et al. 2020

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“…The TOFs were manufactured using the fiber optic tapered element technology (FOTET) system, which was widely described in the literature [ 6 , 7 , 8 ]. The FOTET system uses a movable torch based on a gas mixture (propane–butane-oxygen) to obtain the required optical fiber elongation temperature as well as to heat the chosen length of fiber during the process of elongation.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The aforementioned parameters enable sensors based on optical fibers to detect and measure such factors as, e.g., surrounding refractive index, temperature, pressure, mechanical strain, stress or vibrations and even chemical reagents [ 3 , 4 , 5 ]. To enhance the sensing possibilities of optical fibers, it is possible to combine them with additional functional materials, such as liquid crystals [ 6 ], alkanes [ 7 , 8 ], polymers [ 9 ], metals [ 10 , 11 ] or graphene compounds [ 12 ]. The most common methods of applying these functional materials to optical fibers is by forming an external coating after polishing the fiber [ 13 ] or fabricating a taper [ 14 , 15 , 16 ], or by filling the internal air holes in a photonic crystal fiber [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Organosulfur and Organophosphorus Compounds Using a Hexafluorobutyl Acrylate-Coated Tapered Optical Fibers

2022

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This paper presents the results of a study on the possibility of detecting organosulfur and organophosphorus compounds by means of polymer-assisted optical fiber technology. The detection of the aforementioned compounds can be realized by fabricating a polymer-coated tapered optical fiber (TOF), where the polymer works as an absorber, which changes the light propagation conditions in the TOF. The TOFs were manufactured based on a standard single-mode fiber for telecommunication purposes and, as an absorbing polymer, hexafluorobutyl acrylate was used, which is sensitive to organosulfur and organophosphorus compounds. The spectral measurements were conducted in a wide optical range—500–1800 nm—covering the visible part of the spectrum as well as near infrared part in order to show the versatility of the proposed solution. Additionally, detailed absorption dynamics measurements were provided for a single wavelength of 1310 nm. The analyses were conducted for two concentrations of evaporating compounds, 10 µL and 100 µL, in a volume of 150 mL. Additionally, a temperature dependency analysis and tests with distilled water were carried out to eliminate the influence of external factors. The results presented in this article confirmed the possibility to provide low-cost sensors for dangerous and harmful chemical compounds using optical fiber technology and polymers as sensitive materials.

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The comparison of self-assembling behaviour of phenyl biphenylcarboxylate and biphenyl benzoate compounds with the different length and shape of chiral terminal chain

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Drzewiński

et al. 2023

Journal of Molecular Liquids

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Temperature and voltage sensing based on a tapered optical fiber device with the liquid crystal cladding

Cited by 7 publications

References 25 publications

SPR Effect Controlled by an Electric Field in a Tapered Optical Fiber Surrounded by a Low Refractive Index Nematic Liquid Crystal

SPR Effect Controlled by an Electric Field in a Tapered Optical Fiber Surrounded by a Low Refractive Index Nematic Liquid Crystal

Detection of Organosulfur and Organophosphorus Compounds Using a Hexafluorobutyl Acrylate-Coated Tapered Optical Fibers

The comparison of self-assembling behaviour of phenyl biphenylcarboxylate and biphenyl benzoate compounds with the different length and shape of chiral terminal chain

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