Temperature change in pig rib bone during implant site preparation by low-speed drilling

Abstract

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the temperature change during lowspeed drilling using infrared thermography.Material and MethodsPig ribs were used to provide cortical bone of a similar quality to human mandible. Heat production by three implant drill systems (two conventional drilling systems and one low-speed drilling system) was evaluated by measuring the bone temperature using infrared thermography. Each system had two different bur sizes. The drill systems used were twist drill (2.0 mm/2.5 mm), which establishes the direction of the implant, and finally a 3.0 mm-pilot drill. Thermal images were recorded using the IRI1001 system (Infrared Integrated Systems Ltd.). Baseline temperature was 31±1ºC. Measurements were repeated 10 times, and a static load of 10 kg was applied while drilling. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Statistical analysis was conducted with two-way ANOVA.Results and ConclusionsMean values (n=10 drill sequences) for maximum recorded temperature (Max TºC), change in temperature (∆TºC) from baseline were as follows. The changes in temperature (∆TºC) were 1.57ºC and 2.46ºC for the lowest and the highest values, respectively. Drilling at 50 rpm without irrigation did not produce overheating. There was no significant difference in heat production between the 3 implant drill systems (p>0.05). No implant drill system produced heat exceeding 47ºC, which is the critical temperature for bone necrosis during low-speed drilling. Low-speed drilling without irrigation could be used during implant site preparation.

Effect of low speed drilling on osseointegration using simplified drilling procedures

“…This confirms other studies that have investigated the influence of low speed drilling, in which they found that this drilling speed does not generate excessive heat in bone, even without irrigation. 25 Provided that abundant irrigation was pumped in throughout the entire drilling procedure, and the histological and histomorphometric outcomes provoked no adverse biological responses, we suggest that we have succeeded in preventing excessive thermal damage to the bone.…”

Avaliação Microscópica de Fragmentos Ósseos Obtidos por Diferentes Métodos de Osteotomia e de Irrigação

“…Neste sentido, os achados de outro trabalho 23 mostraram uma diferença significante entre a média do grupo controle -o qual não foi incorporada nenhuma mudança no formato da broca -e DISCUSSÃO o grupo experimental, onde a broca foi modificada buscando a redução do contato com o osso, resultando em temperaturas médias menores e, portanto, induziu menor calor ao osso. Já outros autores 24 observaram diferenças significativas na produção de calor em relação ao diâmetro da broca, de forma que quanto maior o diâmetro da broca, mais alta foi a temperatura do osso. Isso se deve ao maior volume ósseo a ser cortado, criando um maior atrito durante o procedimento de perfuração do osso, o que pode explicar o motivo de se começar a perfuração óssea com brocas menores que aumentam progressivamente durante a cirurgia de implantes dentários.…”

“…Em um estudo 24 utilizando o método convencional de perfuração para colocação implantes em baixa rotação, foi observado que não houve aumento significativo de temperatura na ponta da broca utilizando-a a 50 rpm, mesmo sem irrigação.…”

Optimization of bone drilling parameters using Taguchi method based on finite element analysis

“…Cutting action between drill bit and bone results in significant heat because of removal of material and friction coefficient between the drill bit and bone [7]. Drilling actions when preparation of site of dental implant could cause not only physical failure to the bone but also a rise of temperature in surrounding the implant site [8]. Temperatures over 47 °C leads to thermal osteonecrosis providing to loosening of screw and subsequently refractures and failures of implant [9], reduces protein regeneration capacity [10] and irreversible bone death [11].…”