Temperature Compensation Method for Digital Cameras in 2D and 3D Measurement Applications

Abstract

This paper presents the results of several studies concerning the effect of temperature on digital cameras. Experiments were performed using three different camera models. The presented results conclusively demonstrate that the typical camera design does not adequately take into account the effect of temperature variation on the device’s performance. In this regard, a modified camera design is proposed that exhibits a highly predictable behavior under varying ambient temperature and facilitates thermal compensation. A novel temperature compensation method is also proposed. This compensation model can be applied in almost every existing camera application, as it is compatible with every camera calibration model. A two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) application of the proposed compensation model is also described. The results of the application of the proposed compensation approach are presented herein.

Temperature Compensation Method for Raster Projectors Used in 3D Structured Light Scanners

“…It can significantly decrease the thermal drift and deformation of the projected image. This paper is also the continuation of the studies described in [15,24,25], where the effects of temperature on the digital cameras, mechanical base, and the whole 3D SL scanner were introduced.…”

“…The influence of temperature changes on the geometric stability of smartphone and cheap Raspberry Pi cameras was described in [ 23 ], in which the authors proposed a compensation method. In [ 24 ], I also proposed a compensation method that can be used in any camera calibration model (i.e., not only a pinhole camera model).…”

Temperature Compensation Method for Mechanical Base of 3D-Structured Light Scanners

“…The basics of our methods are shown in Figure 4. The most critical assumption of our method is that scanner is calibrated at a constant reference temperature after reaching thermal equilibrium (the warming-up process can take up to 1 h, depending on the camera unit and projector unit [39][40][41][42][43]45,46]). The proper calibration process allows calculation of the camera and projector location and orientation in the calibrated co-ordinate system [15,29,[55][56][57][58][59] (Figure 4, box 1 to 2a).…”

“…The influence of temperature on images captured by digital cameras is an issue which has been described in the literature, and there exist methods for compensation of this effect [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46].…”

“…This study is the continuation of the research introduced in Refs. [37,46], where we described the effects of temperature on the digital cameras used in 3D-structured light scanners and on the calibration accuracy of a full 3D-structured light scanner, as well as proposing a method for their compensation.…”