Temperature-compensation of 3D-printed polymer-based strain gauge

Coleman, Demetris; Al-Rubaiai, Mohammed; Tan, Xiaobo

doi:10.1117/12.2513813

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In 3D printed sensors, these random errors might be caused by, for example, the positive temperature coefficient of the used piezoresistors [129], [130] or the creep of the used polymers [131], [132]. In order to compensate for this drift, a differential measurement might be used [133], or a separate temperature measurement can be used to compensate for this effect [134].…”

Section: A Drift Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Electro- and Biomechanical Sensors

et al. 2021

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In this review paper, we focus on the 3D printing technologies that consist of the extruding of fluid material in lines to form structures for electro-and biomechanical applications. Our paper reviews various 3D print technologies, materials, sensing technologies and applications of extrusion-based 3D printing. We also discuss how to overcome some of the challenges with 3D printed sensors, such as the anisotropy of the conductors as well as the drift and nonlinearity of the materials.

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Section: A Drift Compensationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Electro- and Biomechanical Sensors

et al. 2021

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“…Furthermore, it is observed that the temperature has minimal influence on the amplitude variations (Maurizi et al , 2019). The strain measurement and the characterization of 3D-printed CPLA-based strain sensors are dependent on the temperature (Coleman et al , 2019). The strain measurement error resulted because of the thermal dependence is compensated by using temperature, material and Wheatstone bridge-based compensation techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The strain measurement error resulted because of the thermal dependence is compensated by using temperature, material and Wheatstone bridge-based compensation techniques. The experimentation of Coleman et al (2019) shows that the two adjacently connected strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge reduce the error value significantly and increase the sensitivity of the CPLA-based 3D strain sensor. The study highlights the potential of conductive PLA as a low-cost and easily customizable material for resistive strain gauges, by offering increased sensitivity and bidirectional strain measurement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity enhancement through geometry modification of 3D printed conductive PLA-based strain sensors

S.K.,

Kallippatti Lakshmanan

2023

RPJ

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Purpose The purpose of this study is to increasing the gauge factor, reducing the hysteresis error and improving the stability over cyclic deformations of a conductive polylactic acid (CPLA)-based 3D-printed strain sensor by modifying the sensing element geometry. Design/methodology/approach Five different configurations, namely, linear, serpentine, square, triangular and trapezoidal, of CPLA sensing elements are printed on the thermoplastic polyurethane substrate material individually. The resistance change ratio of the printed sensors, when loaded to a predefined percentage of the maximum strain values over multiple cycles, is recorded. Finally, the thickness of substrate and CPLA and the included angle of the triangular strain sensor are evaluated for their influences on the sensitivity. Findings The triangular configuration yields the least hysteresis error with high accuracy over repeated loading conditions, because of its uniform stress distribution, whereas the conventional linear configuration produces the maximum sensitivity with low accuracy. The thickness of the substrate and sensing element has more influence over the included angle, in enhancing the sensitivity of the triangular configuration. The sensitivity of the triangular configuration exceeds the linear configuration when printed at ideal sensor dimensional values. Research limitations/implications The 3D printing parameters are kept constant for all the configurations; rather it can be varied for improving the performance of the sensor. Furthermore, the influences of stretching rate and nozzle temperature of the sensing material are not considered in this work. Originality/value The sensitivity and accuracy of CPLA-based strain sensor are evaluated for modification in its geometry, and the performance metrics are enhanced using the regression modelling.

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“…In order to produce strain sensor by using PLA conductive composites (Maurizi et al, 2019), the dependence of piezoresistive behavior on temperature should be properly considered. In particular taking into consideration the Tg of PLA matrix, a specific approach to compensate the temperature effect on resistivity of PLA conductive sample in the range 20-50 • C has been discussed (Daniel et al, 2018;Coleman et al, 2019). The crucial effect of heating and distorsion in PLA conductive composites after voltage application has been recently detailed in dependence on the various process factors (extrusion and additive manufacturing); the authors compared the role of conductive filler (carbon black, carbon nanotubes, and nano copper wires) on resistivity in view of application for thermal sensors and piezo-resistive sensors (Watschke et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fused Filament Fabrication of Piezoresistive Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites for Strain Monitoring

2020

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Conductive carbon nanotubes (CNT)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) nanocomposites parts were easily and successfully manufactured by fused filament fabrication (FFF) starting from composite filaments properly extruded at a laboratory scale. Specific specimens for strain monitoring application were properly evaluated in both short term and long term mechanical testing. In particular, samples of ABS filled with 6 wt.% of CNT were additively manufactured in two different infill patterns: HC (0 • /0 • ) and H45 (−45 • /+45 • ). The piezoresistivity behavior was investigated under various loading conditions such as ramp tensile tests at different rate and extension, and also creep and cyclic loading at room temperature. Experimental work revealed that the resistance changes in the conductive samples were properly detectable during stress or strain modification, as consequence of damage and/or reassembling of the percolation network. The measurement of the gauge factor in various testing conditions evidenced an initial higher sensitivity of the 3D-built parts within H45 pattern in comparison to the correspondent HC counterparts. The CNT conductive network path in the investigated samples seems to be reformed during creep and cycling experiments, showing a progressive reduction of gauge factor that seems to stabilize at about 2.5 for both HC and H45 samples after long term testing. These findings suggest that conductive CNT/ABS nanocomposites at 6 wt.% of loading can be successfully processed by FFF to produce stable strain sensors in the range −25 • and +60 • C, as confirmed by the constancy of resistivity in these temperatures.

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Temperature-compensation of 3D-printed polymer-based strain gauge

Cited by 8 publications

References 11 publications

A Review of Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Electro- and Biomechanical Sensors

A Review of Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for the Fabrication of Electro- and Biomechanical Sensors

Sensitivity enhancement through geometry modification of 3D printed conductive PLA-based strain sensors

Fused Filament Fabrication of Piezoresistive Carbon Nanotubes Nanocomposites for Strain Monitoring

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