Temperature compensation of optical microresonators using a surface layer with negative thermo-optic coefficient

Han, Ming; Wang, Anbo

doi:10.1364/ol.32.001800

Cited by 122 publications

(68 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The exceptional sensitivity of the WGM resonators' optical properties to the changes in their geometry and refractive index may lead to significant temperature dependence due to thermos-optic and thermal expansion properties of the resonator's material. Several authors reported different approaches to eliminate the temperature crosssensitivity of sensors based on WGM resonators, such as liquid core optical ring resonators (LCORR) [3,4], microspheres [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12], micro ring [13], microtoroid [14][15][16] Silica glass is one of the most popular materials used for fabrication of optical WGM microresonators (MRs) due to its low loss and the simplicity of fabrication of high quality resonators by melting the material into circular shapes. However, silica has relatively low thermo-optic and thermal expansion coefficients, so if a silica resonator device is used for sensing of environmental parameters or utilizes thermo-optic tuning, a means to enhance its temperature sensitivity is required.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-optic tuning of a packaged whispering gallery mode resonator filled with nematic liquid crystal

Kavungal¹,

Farrell²,

Wu³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-optic tuning of a packaged whispering gallery mode resonator filled with nematic liquid crystal

Kavungal¹,

Farrell²,

Wu³

et al. 2018

Opt. Express

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“…In order to overcome the effect of the temperature and phase fluctuations, we can use some approaches including both active and passive methods. For example, the local heating of silicon itself to dynamically compensate for any temperature fluctuations [29], material cladding with negative thermo-optic coefficient [30][31][32][33], MZI cascading intensity interrogation [34], control of the thermal drift by tailoring the degree of optical confinement in silicon waveguides with different waveguide widths [35], and ultra-thin silicon waveguides [36] can be used for reducing the thermal drift.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-channel highly sensitive sensors based on 4 × 4 multimode interference couplers

Thanh

2017

Photonic Sens

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Abstract:We propose a new kind of microring resonators (MRR) based on 4 × 4 multimode interference (MMI) couplers for multichannel and highly sensitive chemical and biological sensors. The proposed sensor structure has advantages of compactness and high sensitivity compared with the reported sensing structures. By using the transfer matrix method (TMM) and numerical simulations, the designs of the sensor based on silicon waveguides are optimized and demonstrated in detail. We apply our structure to detect glucose and ethanol concentrations simultaneously. A high sensitivity of 9000 nm/RIU, detection limit of 2 × 10 -4 for glucose sensing and sensitivity of 6000 nm/RIU, detection limit of 1.3 × 10 -5 for ethanol sensing are achieved.

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“…Another way of reducing resonance thermal drift is the introduction of some materials with negative thermal-optic coefficients in the cavity mode volume to compensate the positive thermal-optic coefficient of the ring resonator material [13−15] . However, this method requires precise control of the coating layer thickness [13,14] or resonator size [15] . In practice, achieving such precision, where the thermal drift can be eliminated, is difficult.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, a temperature change δT would result in the resonant wavelength shift through the thermal expansion and thermo-optic effects [13] . The RI (S RI ) and temperature (S T ) sensitivities, defined as the resonant wavelength shift versus the RI and temperature changes, respectively, can be expressed as [20] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature using a microring resonator

Lin¹,

Jiang²,

Wang³

et al. 2012

中国光学快报

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An approach to the simultaneous measurement of refractive-index (RI) and temperature changes using optical ring resonators is proposed and theoretically demonstrated. With a liquid-core silica ring resonator as an example, two different-order whispering gallery modes (WGMs) might differ in not only RI but also temperature sensitivities. Thus, a second-order sensing matrix should be defined based on these WGMs to determine RI and temperature changes simultaneously. The analysis shows that the RI and temperature detection limits can be achieved on the order of 10 −7 RI unit and 10 −3 K at a wavelength of approximately 780 nm.OCIS codes: 280.4788, 280.6780, 140.4780. doi: 10.3788/COL201210.052802. Optical microresonators of various shapes, such as microdisks [1] , microtoroids [2,3] , microspheres [4,5] , and microrings [6−10] , have been widely studied. In these resonators, light propagates in the form of whispering gallery modes (WGMs) because of its total internal reflection along the curved boundary between high and low refractive-index (RI) materials. Microresonators with WGMs are widely used as RI sensors for biological material detection [4,9] and chemical-concentrationchange measurements [5−8] , among others, because of the high Q factors and, thus, long light-material interaction paths. However, WGMs are also sensitive to thermal fluctuations induced by environmental temperature variations or probe-induced energy absorptions. In particular, for RI sensors with high Q factors, the resonance instability due to temperature-induced fluctuations significantly impairs sensor performance [11] . In such cases, temperature control devices, such as thermoelectric cooling units, are usually implemented to ensure small temperature fluctuations [12] . Another way of reducing resonance thermal drift is the introduction of some materials with negative thermal-optic coefficients in the cavity mode volume to compensate the positive thermal-optic coefficient of the ring resonator material [13−15] . However, this method requires precise control of the coating layer thickness [13,14] or resonator size [15] . In practice, achieving such precision, where the thermal drift can be eliminated, is difficult. Moreover, some nonuniformity of the coating layer or resonator further increases residual thermal drift. Meanwhile, the ultrasensitive shift of the WGM resonance to the ambient temperature can be used to design highly sensitive thermal sensors [16−18] , for which the bulk RI should be kept unchanged.This letter theoretically analyzes the use of optical ring resonators for the simultaneous measurement of RI and temperature changes. Both the RI and temperature sensitivities of the WGMs in a ring resonator are studied as a function of the ring wall thickness and WGM order. The results show that a ring resonator of any wall thickness has two WGMs of different orders with different RI and temperature sensitivities. By monitoring the resonant wavelength shifts of the WGMs of these two orders, a second-order sensing matrix can...

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Temperature compensation of optical microresonators using a surface layer with negative thermo-optic coefficient

Cited by 122 publications

References 14 publications

Thermo-optic tuning of a packaged whispering gallery mode resonator filled with nematic liquid crystal

Thermo-optic tuning of a packaged whispering gallery mode resonator filled with nematic liquid crystal

Two-channel highly sensitive sensors based on 4 × 4 multimode interference couplers

Simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature using a microring resonator

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