Temperature‐Controlled Selectivity of Hydrogenation and Hydrodeoxygenation of Biomass by Superhydrophilic Nitrogen/Oxygen Co‐Doped Porous Carbon Nanosphere Supported Pd Nanoparticles

Abstract

Selective hydrogenation and hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of biomass to value‐added products play a crucial role in the development of renewable energy resources. However, achieving a temperature‐controlled selectivity within one catalytic system while retaining excellent hydrogenation and HDO performance remains a great challenge. Here, nitrogen/oxygen (N/O) co‐doped porous carbon nanosphere derived from resin polymer spheres is synthesized as the host matrix to in situ encapsulate highly dispersed Pd nanoparticles (NPs). Through N/O co‐doping, the defects on the surface of carbon structure can serve as active sites to promote substrate adsorption. After a facile H2O2 post‐treatment process, the presence of abundant carboxyl groups on the porous carbon nanospheres can act as acidic sites to replace the use of acidic additives in the HDO process. Additionally, the increased surface oxygen‐containing groups improve hydrophilicity to disperse catalysts in aqueous solutions. Owing to the unique highly dispersed Pd NPs and abundant surface defects, the Pd@APF‐H2O2 (2.3 nm) catalysts exhibit excellent catalytic activity and temperature‐controlled selectivity for hydrogenation and HDO products of biomass‐derived vanillin.

Controlled synthesis of Ru-single-atoms on ordered mesoporous phosphine polymers for microwave-assisted conversion of biomass-derived sugars to artificial sweeteners

“…The effect of the ligand is also profoundly applied towards un-functionalized carbon surfaces for controlled hydrodeoxygenation reactions. 82 Therefore, a tailorable adsorption selectivity of substrates is shown through an important ligand effect on Ru sites.…”

Large-surface-area porous monolith of graphene for electrochemical capacitive deionization

“…The existence of the nitrogen element demonstrates the successful doping of nitrogen, which contributes to the hydrophilicity and the conductivity of carbon. 37,38 The electrochemically active N-6 and N-5 can increase the wettability and the electrochemical capacitance by some pseudocapacitive effect. The excellent wettability of ZnG-N1100 has been thus observed as shown in Fig.…”

“…This structural advantage can facilitate smooth ion migration within channels of the 3D network and quick electron transport along the 3D carbon framework. 12,24,37,44 EIS tests can analyze the resistances of the samples (Fig. S6 †).…”

Carboxylated mesoporous carbon hollow spheres for the efficient solid-phase microextraction of aromatic amines

“…The as-prepared carbon spheres were denoted as mesoporous carbon hollow spheres (MCHS). For an optimal H 2 O 2 treatment procedure, 100 mg MCHS was suspended in 10 mL H 2 O 2 (30% w/w) and was refluxed at 50 °C for 3 h. 36 Then, the obtained suspension was recovered by centrifugation and repeatedly washed with ultrapure water and ethanol several times, then dried at 50 °C under vacuum for 12 h to obtain carboxylated mesoporous carbon hollow spheres (MCHS-COOH).…”