Temperature‐corrected proton density fat fraction estimation using chemical shift‐encoded MRI in phantoms

Navaratna, Ruvini; Zhao, Ruiyang; Colgan, Timothy J.; Hu, Houchun H.; Bydder, Mark; Yokoo, Takeshi; Bashir, Mustafa R.; Middleton, Michael S.; Serai, Suraj D.; Malyarenko, Dariya I.; Chenevert, Thomas L.; Smith, Mark A.; Henderson, Walter; Hamilton, Gavin; Shu, Yunhong; Sirlin, Claude B.; Tkach, Jean A.; Trout, Andrew T.; Brittain, Jean H.; Hernando, Diego; Reeder, Scott B.

doi:10.1002/mrm.28669

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Spectroscopic and imaging‐based PDFF methods had similar small temperature sensitivities, indicating that performing a T 1 and T 2 correction to the raw spectroscopy data 23 or a frequency correction to the simulated fat spectrum for the imaging data 13 substantially compensates for variation in the measurement due to temperature‐induced changes in tissue relaxation parameters. Navaratna et al have recently demonstrated a similar reduction of temperature sensitivity for MRI PDFF measurements through improved fat spectrum frequency correction in phantom experiments 39 . We believe that much of the remaining variation in measured PDFF could be due to a partial change of state in the fat; that is, we suggest that some hepatic macrovesicular fat droplets begin to solidify at cold temperatures and become “MR‐invisible” due to the extremely short T 2 values seen in this semi‐solid “frozen droplet” state.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Navaratna et al have recently demonstrated a similar reduction of temperature sensitivity for MRI PDFF measurements through improved fat spectrum frequency correction in phantom experiments. 39 We believe that much of the remaining variation in measured PDFF could be due to a partial change of state in the fat; that is, we suggest that some hepatic macrovesicular fat droplets begin to solidify at cold temperatures and become "MR-invisible" due to the extremely short T 2 values seen in this semi-solid "frozen droplet" state. This would accord with results from food science literature, where increased solid fat content, measured by increased contribution of an ultrashort T 2 compartment, has been seen at lower temperatures in a wide range of substances from lard to chocolate.…”

Section: Correlation Of Imaging Parameters With Histology and Liver Functionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Noninvasive assessment of steatosis and viability of cold‐stored human liver grafts by MRI

Young

Ceresa

Mózes

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Correlation Of Imaging Parameters With Histology and Liver Functionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Noninvasive assessment of steatosis and viability of cold‐stored human liver grafts by MRI

Young

Ceresa

Mózes

et al. 2021

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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“…As suggested in the original study, 16 the PDFF biases found across sites could be due to the variability of temperature which might affect PDFF quantification. 49,63 Eventually, Fatty-Riot-GC and IDEAL-CE exhibited more FWswaps and bias compared to custom in vitro experiments.…”

Section: 4mentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative review of algorithms and methods for chemical‐shift‐encoded quantitative fat‐water imaging

Daudé,

Roussel,

Troalen

et al. 2023

Magnetic Resonance in Med

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PurposeTo propose a standardized comparison between state‐of‐the‐art open‐source fat‐water separation algorithms for proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and quantification using an open‐source multi‐language toolbox.MethodsEight recent open‐source fat‐water separation algorithms were compared in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. Multi‐echo data were synthesized with varying fat‐fractions, B0 off‐resonance, SNR and TEs. Experimental evaluation was conducted using calibrated fat‐water phantoms acquired at 3T and multi‐site open‐source phantoms data. Algorithms' performances were observed on challenging in vivo datasets at 3T. Finally, reconstruction algorithms were investigated with different fat spectra to evaluate the importance of the fat model.ResultsIn silico and in vitro results proved most algorithms to be not sensitive to fat‐water swaps and offsets with five or more echoes. However, two methods remained inaccurate even with seven echoes and SNR = 50, and two other algorithms' precision depended on the echo spacing scheme (p < 0.05). The remaining four algorithms provided reliable performances with limits of agreement under 2% for PDFF and 6 s−1 for . The choice of fat spectrum model influenced quantification of PDFF mildly (<2% bias) and of more severely, with errors up to 20 s−1.ConclusionIn promoting standardized comparisons of MRI‐based fat and iron quantification using chemical‐shift encoded multi‐echo methods, this benchmark work has revealed some discrepancies between recent approaches for PDFF and mapping. Explicit choices and parameterization of the fat‐water algorithm appear necessary for reproducibility. This open‐source toolbox further enables the user to optimize acquisition parameters by predicting algorithms' margins of errors.

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“…For this purpose, phantoms, which are experimental replicas of organs or tissues, represent a practical solution for testing and quality control of MRI-based fat quantification. Homemade fat-water phantoms have been described (60,61), although commercial phantoms (eg, Calimetrix PDFF Phantom) are now available (57,62).…”

Section: Mri Examinationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Liver Fat Content with CT and MRI: State of the Art

et al. 2021

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A bnormal accumulation of liver fat, or hepatic steatosis, is a pathologic condition that is increasing in prevalence, progressive in nature, and associated with hepatic and extrahepatic complications. Development of quantitative imaging methods over the past 2 decades has produced accurate, precise, and reproducible methods to assess the severity of hepatic steatosis. Herein, we review state-of-theart liver fat quantification using CT and MRI, including advantages and limitations, followed by a guide for their use in clinical practice. Burden of Hepatic Steatosis and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver DiseaseIn hepatic steatosis, several lipid metabolites can accumulate in the liver, including triglycerides (the majority), free fatty acids, and cholesterol (1,2). In the absence of specific causes (eg, alcohol abuse, steatogenic medications, or viral infection), the term nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is used (3). NAFLD is the most common chronic liver disease (4), with an estimated pooled overall global prevalence of 25%, as diagnosed with imaging (US and/or CT) (4). Areas most affected include the Middle East (32%), South and North America (30% and 24%, respectively), and Asia (27%) (4).NAFLD can occur at an early age (5) and may result in fibrosis or cirrhosis in childhood or early adulthood (5,6). The pooled mean prevalence of pediatric NAFLD is estimated to be 8% in the general population and 34% in children seen at obesity clinics (6). As for the early onset of NAFLD, additional considerations including race, ethnicity (7), and genetically inherited metabolic disorders should be considered (3,7,8). Pediatric NAFLD, however, remains generally underdiagnosed because of lack of awareness.NAFLD represents a spectrum of disease, with the majority at one end with only "isolated" hepatic steatosis or nonalcoholic fatty liver (3). A fraction of patients with NAFLD, estimated at 20% (projected to be 27% in 2030), will develop hepatocyte injury and inflammation, representing a more aggressive subset known as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We note that an Hepatic steatosis is defined as pathologically elevated liver fat content and has many underlying causes. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide, with an increasing prevalence among adults and children. Abnormal liver fat accumulation has serious consequences, including cirrhosis, liver failure, and hepatocellular carcinoma. In addition, hepatic steatosis is increasingly recognized as an independent risk factor for the metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, and, most important, cardiovascular mortality. During the past 2 decades, noninvasive imaging-based methods for the evaluation of hepatic steatosis have been developed and disseminated. Chemical shift-encoded MRI is now established as the most accurate and precise method for liver fat quantification. CT is important for the detection and quantification of incidental steatosis and may play an increasingly prominent role in risk stratification, particularly wi...

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Temperature‐corrected proton density fat fraction estimation using chemical shift‐encoded MRI in phantoms

Cited by 12 publications

References 33 publications

Noninvasive assessment of steatosis and viability of cold‐stored human liver grafts by MRI

Noninvasive assessment of steatosis and viability of cold‐stored human liver grafts by MRI

Comparative review of algorithms and methods for chemical‐shift‐encoded quantitative fat‐water imaging

Quantification of Liver Fat Content with CT and MRI: State of the Art

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