Temperature dependence of Er3+ ionoluminescence and photoluminescence in Gd2O3:Bi nanopowder

Abstract

Ionoluminescence (IL) and photoluminescence (PL) of trivalent erbium ions (Er 3+ ) in Gd2O3 nanopowder host activated with Bi 3+ ions has been studied in order to establish the link between changes in luminescent spectra and temperature of the sample material. IL measurements have been performed with H2 + 100 keV ion beam bombarding the target material for a few seconds, while PL spectra have been collected for temperatures ranging from 20 to 700°C. The PL data was used as a reference in determining the temperature corresponding to IL spectra. The collected data enabled the definition of empirical formula based on the Boltzmann distribution, which allows the temperature to be determined with a maximum sensitivity of 9.7 × 10 -3 °C -1 . The analysis of the Er 3+ energy level structure in terms of tendency of the system to stay in thermal equilibrium, explained different behaviors of the lines intensities. This work led to the conclusion that temperature changes during ion excitation can be easily defined with separately collected PL spectra. The final result, which is empirical formula describing dependence of fluorescence intensity ratio on temperature, raises the idea of an application of method in temperature control, during processes like ion implantation and some nuclear applications.

Fascinating functional properties of Mn:Gd2O3 nanocrystalline phosphor

“…The peaks in the visible region of the emission spectra may be due to transition from 6 G J state which may be identified by the detailed energy level scheme for Gd 3+ ‫‬ [28]. Furthermore, the other emission bands in UV region were peaked around (316-328) nm and (337-364) nm may be attributed to radiative recombination of photogenerated hole and electrons occupying the oxygen vacancy or due to the recombination of a delocalized electron close to the conduction band with a single charged state of surface oxygen vacancy, according to Wang's proposal [32,33]. Whereas, the broadness in the peak width is due to the occurrence of non-radiation process before the occurrence radiative transition [33].…”

“…. The calculated magnetic moment, µ cal =7 µ B is calculated using a linear combination of the free ion magnetic moments by applying the following equation: 33 22 2 (1 ) 22…”

Unraveling the Charge State of Oxygen Vacancies in Monoclinic ZrO2 and Spectroscopic Properties of ZrO2:Sm3+ Phosphor

“…IL is capable of acquiring information about pre-existing or intrinsic defects, as well as impurities due to rare earth or transition metals up to part per million (ppm) concentration levels, possession of art materials such as jewels, gemstones, and so forth, and damage due to energetic ion bombardment. − As far transition metal ions and rare-earth ions are concerned, IL studies provide information on the energy levels of their external valence band electrons and chemical states, the surrounding crystal field of emitting atoms and their symmetry, and evolution of emission band intensities as a function of ion fluence. , During IL measurement, the ion beam penetrates a few micrometers into the specimen depending on the ion species and its energy used . IL measurement under swift heavy ion irradiation (with energies greater than 1 MeV) is an appropriate method to investigate the material modification in both the nuclear and electronic energy loss regimes, as well as defect formation and its kinetics. − …”