Thermophotovoltaics
(TPVs) require emitters with a regulated radiation
spectrum tailored to the spectral response of integrated photovoltaic
cells. Such spectrally engineered emitters developed thus far are
structurally too complicated to be scalable, are thermally unstable,
or lack reliability in terms of temperature cycling. Herein, we report
wafer-scale, thermal-stress-free, and wavelength-selective emitters
that operate for high-temperature TPVs equipped with GaSb photovoltaic
cells. One inch crystalline ceria wafers were prepared by sequentially
pressing and annealing the pellets of ceria nanoparticles. The direct
pyrolysis of citric acid mixed with ceria nanoparticles created agglomerated,
pyrolytic carbon and ceria microscale dots, thus forming a carbonized
film strongly adhering to a wafer surface. Depending on the thickness
of the carbonized film that was readily tuned based on the amount
of citric acid used in the reaction, the carbonized ceria emitter
behaved as a tungsten-like emitter, a graphite-like emitter, or their
hybrid in terms of the absorptivity spectrum. A properly synthesized
carbonized ceria emitter produced a power density of 0.63 W/cm2 from the TPV system working at 900 °C, providing 13
and 9% enhancements compared to tungsten and graphite emitters, respectively.
Furthermore, only the carbonized ceria emitter preserved its pristine
absorptivity spectrum after a 48 h heating test at 1000 °C. The
scalable and facile fabrication of thermostable emitters with a structured
spectrum will prompt the emergence of thermal emission-harnessed energy
devices.