Temperature dependence of the conductivity of plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)-low molecular weight liquid 50% epoxidized natural rubber solid polymer electrolyte

Abstract

Characterizations were carried out to study on a new plasticized solid polymer electrolyte that was composed of blends of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), liquid 50% epoxidized natural rubber (LENR50), ethylene carbonate, and polypropylene carbonate. This freestanding solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) was successfully prepared by solution casting technique. Further analysis and characterizations were carried out by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR), and impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The SEM results show that the morphologies of SPEs are compatible with good homogeneity. No agglomeration was observed. However, upon addition of salt, formation of micropores occurred. It is worth to note that micropores improve the mobility of ions in the SPE system, thus increased the ionic conductivity whereas the crystallinity analysis for SPEs indicates that the LiClO 4 salt is well complexed in the plasticized PVC-LENR50 as no sharp crystallinity peak was observed for 5-15% wt. LiClO 4 . This implies that LiClO 4 salt interacts with polymer host as more bonds are form via coordination bonding. In DSC study, it is found that the glass temperature (T g ) increased with the concentration of LiClO 4 . The lowest T g was obtained at 41.6°C when incorporated with 15% wt. LiClO 4 . The features of complexation in the electrolyte matrix were studied using ATR-FTIR at the peaks of C0O, C-O-C, and C-Cl. In EIS analysis, the highest ionic conductivity obtained was 1.20× 10 −3 S cm −1 at 15% wt. LiClO 4 at 353 K.

Free-Radical Photopolymerization of Acrylonitrile Grafted onto Epoxidized Natural Rubber

“…However, it was found that the value of M w was decreased to ~ 171,064, ~ 114,657, and ~ 252,786 g mole −1 for ACN 10 - g -ENR 1 , ACN 15 - g -ENR 1 , and ACN 20 - g -ENR 1 , respectively, compared to the purified ENR- 25. This decrease is due to the degradation of ENR-25 under UV, which contributed to the decrease in the M w , as reported by Rooshenass et al [ 4 ], Lee et al [ 10 ], and Rahman et al, [ 11 , 12 ]. In addition, it can be deduced that the ENR-25 was degraded by looking at LENR as a control sample; it was observed that the M w decreased under UV compared to ENR- 25.…”

“…To improve the processability and solubility, ENR is further degraded by decreasing its molecular weight, resulting in liquid epoxidized natural rubber (LENR) [ 4 ]. Besides this, Lee et al [ 10 ] and Rahman et al [ 11 , 12 ] have reported that the molecular weight of ENR was successfully decreased via an irradiation process with a UV lamp by breaking the long chains into small chains.…”

Effective influences of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide (EMIMTFSI) ionic liquid on the ion transport properties of micro-porous zinc-ion conducting poly (vinyl chloride) /poly (ethyl methacrylate) blend-based polymer electrolytes

“…This feature was further accompanied by the broadness and reduction in the intensity of the peaks associated with the shifting of the XRD peak from 2θ = 17.6°in the blend to 2θ = 18.9°, 17.3°, 18.6°, 19.8°and 18.6°for all the synthesized complexes containing 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 wt% loading of zinc triflate salt. Hence the absence of crystalline peaks due to ionic salt in all the polymer blend-salt complexes has indicated that these electrolytes were in amorphous region having low barrier energy and therefore favoured greater ionic diffusivity of zinc triflate salt [29,30]. All these observations that have been already recapitulated in our previous report [27] apparently signify that the polymer blend has undergone some significant structural reorganization with the addition of the chosen ionic salt.…”

Defect-rich Mo2S3 loaded wood-derived carbon acts as a spacer in lithium–sulfur batteries: forming a polysulfide capture net and promoting fast lithium flux

“…S2 † show that the activated wood contains an obvious C-Cl bond, which was a transformation from the CvO and C-OH bonds in the lignin. 22 The substitution step of the functional group was considered to have a great impact on the subsequent formation of inorganic particles, as the oxygen-containing functional group will lead to the formation of SO 2 , resulting in a large amount of sulfur consumption. After the deposition of Mo 2 S 3 , the peak of C-Cl bonds disappear and the spectral peaks corresponding to sulfides were raised.…”