Temperature dependence of the direct piezoelectric effect in relaxor-ferroelectric single crystals: Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions

Abstract

The direct piezoelectric response d33 of [001]C-poled 0.955Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–0.045PbTiO3 [PZN-4.5PT] and 0.98Pb(Zn1∕3Nb2∕3)O3–0.08PbTiO3 [PZN-8PT] has been investigated as a function of temperature upon heating above 40°C to the paraelectric phase. Using a Rayleigh-law based analysis, it is shown that both the reversible/intrinsic and irreversible (extrinsic) contributions to the response increase in both compositions as the phase transition to a tetragonal phase is approached. The latter is likely due to an increased domain wall mobility close to the first order transition temperature, which also gives rise to an increased frequency dispersion. Large reversible direct piezoelectric responses d33>1600pm∕V are observed for both compositions, which increase dramatically close to the transition temperature. Most importantly, the reversible contribution is always much larger than the irreversible part in the low temperature, domain-engineered phase, the latter accounting for around 20% of the response in PZN-8PT, at 40°C, and 5% in PZN-4.5PT. The importance of this result to the validity of the adaptive phase model is discussed.

High temperature measurement and characterisation of piezoelectric properties

“…A common room temperature method is the Berlincourt method [13][14] [15] where the charge is measured resulting from an oscillating mechanical force. There are few reports of the use of this technique at elevated temperatures [16]. 2.…”

Piezoelectric activity of relaxor-PbTiO3 based single crystals and polycrystalline ceramics at cryogenic temperatures: Intrinsic and extrinsic contributions

“…15,16 In the present study, the Rayleigh analysis was used to delineate the level of the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to piezoelectric activity in PIN-PMN-PT crystals from room temperature to −150°C. To provide a contrast to crystals, a relaxor-PT based polycrystalline ceramic was also investigated.…”

“…The coefficient "d init " describes the reversible piezoelectric response, including intrinsic contribution and the contribution from reversible displacement of internal interfaces. 15,18 The latter one was related to the reversible domain wall motion in ferroelectric ceramics. However, in ͓001͔ poled domain engineered crystals, the contribution of domain wall motion is minimal due to the four energetically equivalent domains and stable domain configuration.…”

“…As expected, both parameters d init and ␣ decreased with decreasing temperature for all compositions. I 155 125 1080 860 55 25 1135 885 95 97 R-II 180 115 1700 1250 67 32 1767 1282 96 97.5 R-III 185 100 2400 1520 150 45 2550 1565 94 97 M-IV 195 55 1500 800 280 40 1780 840 85 95 Ceramic 165¯750 220 285 42 1035 262 65 85 Based on thermodynamic analysis, the shear piezoelectric response ͑d 15 or d 24 ͒ of rhombohedral/monoclinic single domain state will decrease as the testing temperature moves away from the ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperature ͑T F-F ͒. 19,20 The reduction in shear piezoelectric response corresponds to an effective "hardening" of the polarization rotation process.…”

Domain size engineering in tetragonal Pb(In1/2Nb1/2)O3-Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 crystals

“…The temperature usage range of these crystals, however, was limited by the low ferroelectric-ferroelectric phase transition temperatures (T R-T ), being on the order of 60 CÀ95 C. 4 [111]-oriented tetragonal PIN-PMN-PT crystals with enhanced piezoelectric properties will be expected, due to the engineered domain configuration "3 T." 12 In this study, the domain size (domain wall density) of the [111] oriented tetragonal crystals was studied, the extrinsic (irreversible domain wall motion) contribution to the enhanced properties was investigated using Rayleigh analysis. The field and temperature stabilities of the domain wall engineered PIN-PMN-PT crystals were explored as a function of pulse-field/cycle and temperature.…”