Temperature dependence of the EPR spectra and optical measurements of LiNbO3: Er, Tm single crystal

Bodziony, T.; Kaczmarek, S.M.

doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2008.03.062

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Note that angular dependences of EPR spectra in xy-plane were not measured in these studies. Later measurements in all three principal planes [180][181][182][183] have shown that there is no line without angular dependence in the xy-plane, i.e., dominant Er 3+ center in cLN has C1 symmetry. This does not agree with statistically distributed vLi around Er 3+ Li [179].…”

Section: Trivalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures of Impurity Defects in Lithium Niobate and Tantalate Derived from Electron Paramagnetic and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Data

Грачев

Malovichko

2021

Crystals

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Point intrinsic and extrinsic defects, especially paramagnetic ions of transition metals and rare-earth elements, have essential influence on properties of lithium niobate, LN and tantalate, LT, and often determine their suitability for numerous applications. Discussions about structures of the defects in LN/LT have lasted for decades. Many experimental methods facilitate progress in determining the structures of impurity centers. This paper gives current bird’s eye view on contributions of Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR), and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance (ENDOR) studies to the determination of impurity defect structures in LN and LT crystals for a broad audience of researchers and students. Symmetry and charge compensation considerations restrict a number of possible structures. Comparison of measured angular dependences of ENDOR frequencies with calculated ones for Li and Nb substitution using dipole–dipole approximation allows unambiguously to determine the exact location of paramagnetic impurities. Models with two lithium vacancies explain angular dependencies of EPR spectra for Me3+ ions substituting for Li+ like Cr, Er, Fe, Gd, Nd, and Yb. Self-compensation of excessive charges through equalization of concentrations of Me3+(Li+) and Me3+(Nb5+) and appearance of interstitial Li+ in the structural vacancy near Me3+(Nb5+) take place in stoichiometric LN/LT due to lack of intrinsic defects.

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Section: Trivalent Cationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures of Impurity Defects in Lithium Niobate and Tantalate Derived from Electron Paramagnetic and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Data

Грачев

Malovichko

2021

Crystals

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“…Single crystals of lithium niobate (LiNbO 3 ) are used for the development of various photonic devices, in particular monolithic integrated optical devices [1,2]. Recently, erbium doped LiNbO 3 (Er:LN) crystals have been used to various waveguide lasers emitting at 1555 nm wavelength of interest for optical communication systems [3][4][5][6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectroscopic analysis of erbium doped LiNbO3: Effect of dopant concentration, vapor transport equilibration and poling

Bhatt

Bhaumik

Ganesamoorthy

et al. 2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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“…Researchers have reported various aspects of Er 3+ spectroscopic properties such as absorption and emission (including upconversion) characteristics, − Judd–Ofelt theoretical data, − site occupation in the lattice, − and absorption and emission cross sections of the Er 3+ ion in both bulk material ,− and waveguide structure. − Some papers about the growth, optical, and Tm 3+ spectroscopic properties of homogeneously doped LN have also been published. ,− For the Er 3+ /Tm 3+ codoping case, however, few papers could be found in the literature. Although two previous papers involved with the (bulk) Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped LN, , the study concentrated on Er 3+ site occupation. It is unclear if the merit of combination of wavelength emissions of both Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions is true for the case of diffusion codoping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…46,59−66 For the Er 3+ /Tm 3+ codoping case, however, few papers could be found in the literature. Although two previous papers involved with the (bulk) Er 3+ /Tm 3+ -codoped LN, 45,46 the study concentrated on Er 3+ site occupation. It is unclear if the merit of combination of wavelength emissions of both Er 3+ and Tm 3+ ions is true for the case of diffusion codoping.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Factors on the Growth of the Er³⁺/Tm³⁺-Codoped LiNbO₃ Crystal by Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ Codiffusion

Zhang

Qiu

Hua

et al. 2013

Crystal Growth & Design

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The influence of factors on the growth of the Er3+/Tm3+-codoped LiNbO3 (LN) crystal by codiffusion of stacked Er and Tm metal thin films was studied. These factors include the thicknesses and the coating sequence of the Er and Tm metal films, and the growth is characterized by the diffusivity and solubility. To achieve the goal, Er3+/Tm3+-codoped LN crystals were grown by codiffusion in air at 1130 °C of stacked Er and Tm metal thin films coated onto the surface of Z-cut congruent LN plates. The metal films have different thicknesses and coating sequences. After the growth, the Er3+ and Tm3+ profiles were analyzed by secondary ion mass spectrometry. The Er3+/Tm3+ diffusivity and surface concentration were obtained from the measured profiles. The diffusivity is influenced by neither the thickness nor the coating sequence of metal films. The solubility consists of Er3+ and Tm3+ components, and the two components equal the respective concentrations in the diffusion reservoir and change with the initial metal film thickness. Nevertheless, their sum, i.e., the solubility, remains a constant at a given temperature and shows a weaker effect of either the crystal cut or the coating sequence of Er and Tm films, together with the two components. In addition, the emission characteristics of the Er3+/Tm3+ diffusion-codoped LN were investigated. The results show that the codoping allows the combination of the wavelength emissions of both ions, and the resultant emission band in the telecommunication window around 1.5 μm is as wide as 150 nm, providing the possibility of S+C+L broadband amplification by employing the commercial 980 and 795 nm laser diodes as the pump sources.

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Temperature dependence of the EPR spectra and optical measurements of LiNbO3: Er, Tm single crystal

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Structures of Impurity Defects in Lithium Niobate and Tantalate Derived from Electron Paramagnetic and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Data

Structures of Impurity Defects in Lithium Niobate and Tantalate Derived from Electron Paramagnetic and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Data

Spectroscopic analysis of erbium doped LiNbO3: Effect of dopant concentration, vapor transport equilibration and poling

Influence of Factors on the Growth of the Er³⁺/Tm³⁺-Codoped LiNbO₃ Crystal by Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ Codiffusion

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Temperature dependence of the EPR spectra and optical measurements of LiNbO3: Er, Tm single crystal

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Structures of Impurity Defects in Lithium Niobate and Tantalate Derived from Electron Paramagnetic and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Data

Structures of Impurity Defects in Lithium Niobate and Tantalate Derived from Electron Paramagnetic and Electron Nuclear Double Resonance Data

Spectroscopic analysis of erbium doped LiNbO3: Effect of dopant concentration, vapor transport equilibration and poling

Influence of Factors on the Growth of the Er3+/Tm3+-Codoped LiNbO3 Crystal by Er3+/Tm3+ Codiffusion

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Influence of Factors on the Growth of the Er³⁺/Tm³⁺-Codoped LiNbO₃ Crystal by Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ Codiffusion