Temperature dependence of the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions in BiFeO3-(K0.5Bi0.5)TiO3-PbTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics

Abstract

Articles you may be interested in Tailoring This contribution focuses on the use of modified Rayleigh law as a technique for determining the intrinsic and extrinsic (reversible/irreversible) contributions to the piezoelectric effect up to 150 C across a broad compositional space, augmenting previous understanding of the BiFeO 3 -(K 0.5 Bi 0.5 )TiO 3 -PbTiO 3 system. At room temperature, a mechanistic explanation of the correlation between crystal symmetry, i.e., tetragonal spontaneous strain, x s , and the Rayleigh relations using Landau theory is provided. The intrinsic response was found to be heavily dependent upon the tetragonal x s , whereby an optimisation between polarization and permittivity was elucidated, leading to enhanced piezoelectric charge coefficients. A c/a ratio of $1.041 was identified at which the room temperature intrinsic and extrinsic effects were at a maximum; a d init of 183 Â 10 À12 m/V and Rayleigh coefficient of 59 Â 10 À18 m 2 /V 2 were measured, resulting in the largest piezoelectric charge coefficients. The piezoelectric charge coefficient d 33 , intrinsic and extrinsic contributions of these materials were all found to increase up to 150 C while adhering to the Rayleigh model. The reversible extrinsic component of the total reversible response, d init , was calculated to be relatively minor, 4.9% at room temperature, increasing to 12.1% at 150 C, signifying its increasing influence to the piezoelectric effect, as domain wall motion is thermally activated. Hence, the phenomenological interpretation provided here may be used as a roadmap to elucidate the origins of the temperature dependence of the piezoelectric effect. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.

High Electric‐Induced Strain and Temperature‐Dependent Piezoelectric Properties of 0.75BF–0.25BZT Lead‐Free Ceramics

“…The extrinsic contribution is a result of non‐180° domain wall motion, which is generally associated with irreversible and lossy processes, and can greatly affect the electromechanical response. The Rayleigh law is usually used to quantify the intrinsic and extrinsic contributions to the overall piezoelectric response in the ferroelectrics, such as PZT‐, BT‐, BS–PT‐, and La‐modified BiFeO 3 –PbTiO 3 (BF–PT)‐based ceramics . The Rayleigh region is restricted to the electric field amplitudes that do not cause a change in domain density of the poled samples.…”

Elastic Properties and Enhanced Piezoelectric Response at Morphotropic Phase Boundaries

“…Theoretical estimates of the contributions of DW to the various susceptibilities of tetragonal BaTiO${}_3$ have been proposed by Arlt and coworkers [106], neglecting inertia and dissipative effects. The DW dynamics is often studied by strain$-E$ field loops and quantitatively interpreted in the framework of the Rayleigh equations, so allowing intrinsic and extrinsic effects to be distinguished [25,107,108]. In this manner, for example, it has been established that in PMN-PT around the MPB, with piezoelectric response above 2000 pC/N, the extrinsic contribution is <$10\mathsf{\%}$ [107].…”

High temperature measurement and characterisation of piezoelectric properties

“…Most commercial PZT ceramics have at T C of between 300 °C and 400 °C, and a generally recommended maximum operating range is up to half T C in Celsius, although for high field actuator type application, significant electromechanical activity (electrostrictive) can be observed above T C [3]. There currently exist a number of materials suitable for high temperature piezoelectric devices [7][43] [44][45] [46] (see also companion paper in this edition [47]), but generally, piezoelectric coupling reduces as the maximum operating temperature (or T C for ferroelectrics) decreases [43]. This has led to the investigation and use of novel perovskite ceramics based on the BiFeO 3 -PbTiO system [48] as a high temperature, high activity material that can be manufactured using conventional mixed oxide techniques, and at similar cost.…”