The new state of matter (superconductivity) has been discovered somehow unexpectedly in mercury with a critical temperature of T c = 4.15K by Kamerlingh Onnes in 1911 just after he had mastered the liquefaction of helium [1]. However, the phenomenon of superconductivity in particular its T c , is strongly dependent on the material in which it is to be observed. Therefore, over the years a lot of new metals and intermetallic compounds have been discovered with increased values of T c reaching a maximum which was apparently leveling off at about 24 K in the fifties, see figure 1. The absence of any satisfactory theory until 1957 did not prevent the applications of superconductivity which developed after World War Two but all these applications were bound to the use of liquid helium as the cooling agent which is necessary to stabilize the superconducting state. It is only in 1986 that totally new types of copper oxides discovered by Bednorz and Müller led to drastically higher T c [2]. This remarkable discovery was actually an outcome of the quest for new materials able to show superconductivity under conditions as close as possible to ambient temperature. As to the possibility of superconductivity in materials other than metals, F.London in 1937 had been the first to suggest that aromatic compounds under magnetic fields might exhibit a permanent current running along aromatic ring systems (anthracene, naphtalene,...) under magnetic field [3].