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Objective The vertical cavity surfaceemitting laser (VCSEL) is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light perpendicular to the substrate surface. The VCSEL, as a chiplevel atomic clock light source, must possess good singlemode characteristics. Thus the individual frequency required by the atomic clock can be precisely modulated to stimulate the atomic clock s operation, and the atomic clock is ensured not to absorb other signals during the modulation process. The practical design necessitates confining the electric and optical fields of the VCSEL to secure strong singlemode characteristics, while also optimizing the epitaxial structure of the device.This study aims to develop a 795 nm VCSEL device with excellent power characteristics, capable of functioning at high temperatures up to 380 K, and achieving a fundamental mode output in the desired wavelength range.Methods First, the quantum well structure is designed using straincompensated quantum well band theory and the Kronig -Penney
Objective The vertical cavity surfaceemitting laser (VCSEL) is a type of semiconductor laser that emits light perpendicular to the substrate surface. The VCSEL, as a chiplevel atomic clock light source, must possess good singlemode characteristics. Thus the individual frequency required by the atomic clock can be precisely modulated to stimulate the atomic clock s operation, and the atomic clock is ensured not to absorb other signals during the modulation process. The practical design necessitates confining the electric and optical fields of the VCSEL to secure strong singlemode characteristics, while also optimizing the epitaxial structure of the device.This study aims to develop a 795 nm VCSEL device with excellent power characteristics, capable of functioning at high temperatures up to 380 K, and achieving a fundamental mode output in the desired wavelength range.Methods First, the quantum well structure is designed using straincompensated quantum well band theory and the Kronig -Penney
Objective Vertical cavity surfaceemitting lasers (VCSELs) have advantages such as a single longitudinal mode, a low threshold, and ease of twodimensional integration. VCSELs have been widely used in data transmission, optical communication, and threedimensional sensing. Oxidation is the most common process for oxideconfined VCSELs. AlGaAs materials with high Al contents are oxidized via wet oxidation to form oxide apertures of aluminum oxide, and the structures of oxide apertures with different shapes
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