BackgroundChrysomelid beetles associated with willow (Salix spp.) were surveyed at 41 sites across Europe, from Greece (lat. 38.8 °N) to arctic Norway (lat. 69.7 °N).New informationIn all, 34 willow-associated chrysomelid species were encountered, of which eight were very abundant. The abundant species were: Crepidodera
aurata Marsham, 1802 at 27 sites, Phratora
vitellinae (Linnaeus, 1758) at 21 sites, Galerucella
lineola (Fabricius, 1781) at 19 sites, Crepidodera
fulvicornis (Fabricius, 1792) at 19 sites, Plagiodera
versicolora (Laicharting, 1781) at 11 sites, Crepidodera
plutus (Latreille, 1804) at nine sites, Chrysomela
vigintipunctata Scopoli, 1763 at nine sites and Gonioctena
pallida (Linnaeus, 1758) at eight sites. The mean number of willow associated chrysomelid morphospecies at each site was 4.2. Around 20% of the total variance in chrysomelid distribution could be accounted for by latitude, but this is mainly due to distinctive occurrence patterns at the northern and southern parts of the transect. There was a paucity of chrysomelids at Greek sites and a distinctively northern faunal composition at sites north of Poland. Considerable site-to-site variation in colour was noted, except in G.
lineola, which was chromatically invariant.