Temperature-Dependent Exchange Splitting of a Surface State on a Local-Moment Magnet: Tb(0001)

Bode, Matthias; Getzlaff, M.; Kubetzka, André; Pascal, R.; Pietzsch, O.; Wiesendanger, R.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.83.3017

Cited by 45 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The magnetic coupling between the 4f moments occurs via the highly delocalized (5d6s)-valence states [6]. Various investigations by spin-integrated photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) report that the exchange splitting of the bulk valence bands vanishes at T C [7][8][9][10][11]. These experimental results have been interpreted as a first evidence for the applicability of the Stoner model to real ferromagnetic systems.…”

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confidence: 79%

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Novel Sb Induced Reconstruction of the (113) Surface of Ge

et al. 2002

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The temperature dependence of the rare-earth valence bands has been regarded as a realization of the Stoner behavior. The exchange splitting of the electronic states appears to scale as the magnetic order parameter for T , T C and to vanish at T T C . We report here a spin-resolved photoemission study on the evolution of Gd bulk bands for 0.5 # T ͞T C # 1. The spin-polarized spectral line shapes display a complex temperature dependence, which clearly contrasts with the interpretation of previous experimental results. The spin-resolved photoemission data demonstrate the inadequacy of the Stoner model to the description of magnetism in rare earths. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.88.167205 PACS numbers: 75.70.Ak, 75.25. +z, 79.60.Bm Understanding the relation between electronic and magnetic properties at finite temperatures is a central question for many branches of solid state physics. While the electronic theory accurately accounts for the ground state properties of magnetic materials, it meets only limited success in describing their finite temperature behavior, such as the magnetic phase transitions, the corresponding ordering temperatures, and critical parameters.Two simple models are usually considered to schematically describe the finite temperature behavior of the electronic structure, depending on the degree of the electron localization. The Stoner model [1] predicts that the exchange splitting of delocalized states parallels the temperature dependence of the magnetization. In this case, the exchange-split electronic subbands gradually merge together and become degenerate at the Curie temperature, T C . The spin-mixing model [2], on the other hand, describes strongly localized systems where thermal fluctuations of the local magnetic moment directions reduce the magnetization, but leave the magnitude of the local moments and the local electronic structure unchanged. Thus, the exchange splitting of the electronic states does not vary according to this model, while the characteristic spin polarization of the states is gradually lost on approaching T C .Several experimental studies have examined the finite temperature magnetism in the elemental ferromagnets. The itinerant 3d-transition metals (Fe, Co, and Ni) show an intermediate behavior. The complexity of the temperature dependent effects on the electronic structure in these systems defies any simple description [3][4][5]. Rare earths, on the other hand, provide a different and apparently simpler scenario. The magnetic moment in these systems primarily originates from the unfilled 4f subshell, which displays a simple spin-mixing behavior due to its atomiclike character. The magnetic coupling between the 4f moments occurs via the highly delocalized (5d6s)-valence states [6]. Various investigations by spin-integrated photoemission spectroscopy (PES) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES) report that the exchange splitting of the bulk valence bands vanishes at T C [7][8][9][10][11]. These experimental results have been interpreted as a first evidence for t...

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confidence: 79%

“…The bearing of these findings is likely significant for the other rare-earth metals as well, due to the very similar character of their band states. It is interesting to note here that other magnetic rare earths also exhibit a large linewidth of the D 2 band near T C , with only a small difference above and below the transition temperatures [10,11,16].…”

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confidence: 99%

Novel Sb Induced Reconstruction of the (113) Surface of Ge

et al. 2002

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“…RE thin films deposited on crystalline magnetic and nonmagnetic transition-metal substrates have been previously studied by spin-polarized photoelectron [9,30,31] and Auger [32] spectroscopies, electron capture spectroscopy [6], as well as by linear and circular x-ray dichroism [33][34][35] and spin-polarized STM [8,[36][37][38]. Gd is the RE element that has been more extensively studied in the form of ultrathin films, mostly because it exhibits a single ferromagnetic phase in the bulk with the order transition close to room temperature [7,39,40].…”

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confidence: 99%

Structure and magnetism of Tm atoms and monolayers on W(110)

et al. 2014

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We investigated the growth and magnetic properties of Tm atoms and monolayers deposited on a W(110) surface using scanning tunneling microscopy and x-ray magnetic circular and linear dichroism. The equilibrium structure of Tm monolayer films is found to be a strongly distorted hexagonal lattice with a Moiré pattern due to the overlap with the rectangular W(110) substrate. Monolayer as well as isolated Tm adatoms on W present a trivalent ground-state electronic configuration, contrary to divalent gas phase Tm and weakly coordinated atoms in quench-condensed Tm films. Ligand field multiplet simulations of the x-ray absorption spectra further show that Tm has a |J = 6,J z = ±5 electronic ground state separated by a few meV from the next lowest substates |J = 6,J z = ±4 and |J = 6,J z = ±6 . Accordingly, both the Tm atoms and monolayer films exhibit large spin and orbital moments with out-of-plane uniaxial magnetic anisotropy. X-ray magnetic dichroism measurements as a function of temperature show that the Tm monolayers develop antiferromagnetic correlations at about 50 K. The triangular structure of the Tm lattice suggests the presence of significant magnetic frustration in this system, which may lead to either a noncollinear staggered spin structure or intrinsic disorder.

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“…Both systems present a single peak at 3 THz which ensures that in Tb(0001) the same coherent phonon is excited as for Gd(0001). This is expected from the bulk phonon spectra [28] due to the similar ionic weight and valence electronic structure at the surface [26]. The faster damping of the phonon mode in Tb compared to Gd is manifested in a broadening of the FT spectra.…”

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confidence: 88%

“…For Gd(0001), this occurs under resonant conditions through the 5d z 2 surface state [24,25], which makes this technique extremely surface sensitive. The Tb(0001) surface exhibits a very similar electronic structure [26], and resonant SH generation occurs as well. Figure 1 gives an overview of the transient relative variation of the SH optical field.…”

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confidence: 97%

Magnon-Enhanced Phonon Damping at Gd(0001) and Tb(0001) Surfaces Using Femtosecond Time-Resolved Optical Second-Harmonic Generation

2008

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Damping of coherent optical phonons is investigated by femtosecond time-resolved second-harmonic generation at Gd(0001) and Tb(0001) surfaces. At low temperature the damping rate increases monotonically with temperature, but close to the Curie point the damping rate is strongly reduced. We explain this behavior by phonon-magnon scattering originating from spin-orbit coupling proven by a larger effect for Tb than for Gd. Consideration of phonon-electron and phonon-phonon scattering shows that magnon-mediated damping is dominant almost up to the Curie temperature.

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Temperature-Dependent Exchange Splitting of a Surface State on a Local-Moment Magnet: Tb(0001)

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

Novel Sb Induced Reconstruction of the (113) Surface of Ge

Novel Sb Induced Reconstruction of the (113) Surface of Ge

Structure and magnetism of Tm atoms and monolayers on W(110)

Magnon-Enhanced Phonon Damping at Gd(0001) and Tb(0001) Surfaces Using Femtosecond Time-Resolved Optical Second-Harmonic Generation

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