Temperature-dependent germination, growth and co-infection of Beauveria spp. isolates from different climatic regions

Susceptibility of Myzus persicae, Brevicoryne brassicae and Nasonovia ribisnigri to Fungal Biopesticides in Laboratory and Field Experiments

“…In field experiments in S Africa with B. bassiana GHA (used as the commercial product Mycotrol ES), fungal application caused 65% reduction in populations of D. noxia during a period with an average daily minimum of 10.2 • C and an average maximum of 23.9 • C [78]. Different species and strains of EPF can vary considerably in their thermal biology [26,39] and strains with cold tolerance have been reported which may be beneficial for use in temperate climates in the future [43,79,80], although future work is needed to better understand the effect of fluctuating field temperature on EPF performance, since it is possible that periods of warm daytime temperature could compensate partly for the inhibitory effect of cold night-time temperature. Other factors that affect field performance include humidity, rainfall (which can cause spores to be washed from foliar surfaces), solar radiation, and the architecture of the plant itself, which can affect the environmental conditions of the microclimate in the infection zone, as well as determining the density of spores deposited from spraying [39].…”

“…Good control in the field is reliant on the ability to deliver a lethal dose of spores to the target and requires favourable environmental conditions including suitable temperatures [39]. Many strains of hypocrealean EPF investigated as biopesticides have an optimum temperature of 25 • C or more [40][41][42][43] and in countries such as the UK, where mean summer (day/night) temperatures are consistently lower than this [44], there is a question of whether EPF biopesticide products are able to perform adequately under field temperature conditions. Finally, moulting of nymphs every few days during development may allow aphids to 'escape' infection from fungal spores that have adhered to the outer cuticle but have not yet grown and penetrated through to the haemocoel [45].…”

Functional metagenomic analysis of dust-associated microbiomes above the Red Sea

“…We provide here the first attempt at describing the Red Sea Aeolian microbiome from a functional metagenomics perspective, and reviewed the literature on the functions postulated to be important in supporting successful Aeolian microbial transport to propose a set of targeted genes that help define the Aeolian lifestyle. As a consequence, a set of functions was selected to be analyzed in the airborne metagenomes, these functions are aerosolization 13 , allowing microbes to be entrained from surfaces (soils, plants or water) to the air facilitated by gas vesicles inside the cells, aerotaxis 14 and chemotaxis 15 , which are the movement of microbes under the influence of oxygen or chemical gradient that allow them to be positioned at the surface of their habitat, UV radiation 16 and heat resistance 17 , which function in repairing the DNA damages induced by UV radiation and thermal stresses, germination 18 and sporulation 19 , where the cells can form spores, which allow them to survive desiccation and exposure to UV radiation and germinate under harsh conditions, and biofilm formation 20 that enable the microorganisms to attach to surfaces such as dust particles. We propose here this set of functions as a parsimonious set of traits that delineates capacities that, in combination, allow biological particles to survive atmospheric transport.…”

Macromorfología y crecimiento radial de cepas de hongos entomopatógenos suplementado con polvo de lepidópteros

“…En este sentido, Ruelas-Ayala et al (2013) encontraron que entre 28 a 34 °C se disminuye el crecimiento de B. bassiana de 28 a 79 %, mientras que en M. anisopliae fue de 24 a 31 %, por lo tanto este hongo fue más tolerante a temperaturas altas. Por lo anterior, es recomendable combinar dos o más cepas de hongos como agentes de control en campo, en función a sus adaptaciones a su entorno para que los aislamientos funcionen (Seid et al 2019).…”

“…Por otro lado, se ha estudiado la relación de la virulencia de cepas de B. bassiana y M. anisopliae con respecto a la tolerancia a temperatura (Fargues et al 1992;McCammon y Rath 1994;Selman et al 1997;Vidal et al 1997). Seid et al (2019) al evaluar la germinación y tasa de crecimiento de seis cepas de B. bassiana de origen ártico y tropical a 8 y 12 °C, encontraron que los aislamientos de origen ártico mostraron mayor germinación y tasa de crecimiento que las de los trópicos. Tres de los aislamientos se probaron in vivo para determinar la temperatura de infección sobre larvas de Tenebrio molitor L., 1758 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), los resultados indicaron que las condiciones en el medio natural no reflejan directamente el efecto del ambiente biótico como la infección del huésped, por lo que la selección de aislados se debe basar en la virulencia y también en consideraciones de la condición abiótica para que los aislamientos funcionen.…”