Temperature-dependent growth and behavior of juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and co-occurring North Pacific gadids

Laurel, Benjamin J.; Spencer, Mara L.; Iseri, Paul; Copeman, Louise A.

doi:10.1007/s00300-015-1761-5

Cited by 115 publications

(77 citation statements)

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“…T c,max is a thermal tolerance limit and one probably not normally experienced in their thermal niche (Kerr, 1976). For instance, 16°C acclimated B. saida died in a laboratory feeding study (Laurel et al, 2016). The same study found that the maximum growth rate for B. saida occurred at acclimation temperatures between 5 and 9°C, a result that is consistent with the observation here that 6.5°C acclimated fish had the highest AAS and FAS.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…For instance, acute exposure to a temperature higher than 6.5°C presented severe problems with post-exhaustion mortality at test temperatures higher than the acclimation temperature (as occurred in 50% of 6.5°C acclimated fish tested at 8.5°C), something we never observed at test temperatures of 6.5°C or lower. Thus, the high growth rate seen for B. saida at 9°C in a protected laboratory with ample food (Laurel et al, 2016) may not be possible in the natural environment. Depression of biological rates (i.e.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Normal embryonic development in newly hatched larvae occurs between −1.0 to 3.5°C, but not ≥5°C (Sakurai et al, 1998;Kent et al, 2016) and Graham and Hop (1995) found that developing eggs and newly hatched larvae will die or exhibit severe deformities when exposed to 9°C for 24 h. Also, T AB for heart rate (ƒ H ) of 3.5°C acclimated larval B. saida is 3.3±0.3°C (Drost et al, 2015). Yet, a recent study showed similar daily growth rates of juvenile B. saida at 5 and 9°C, which were both faster than at 0°C (Laurel et al, 2016). Lastly, distribution analysis of larval B. saida catch data from the Barents Sea Ecosystem Survey indicate that 85.5% of the 0-1 year age group are found inwater temperatures of 1-5°C, with a peak abundance between 2 and 4°C depending on average summer temperatures [B. Rajasakaren, Distribution of polar cod (Boreogadus saida) in the Barents Sea -A useful indicator of climate change?…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acclimation potential of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida Lepechin) from the rapidly warming Arctic Ocean

Drost

Carmack

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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As a consequence of the growing concern about warming of the Arctic Ocean, this study quantified the thermal acclimation responses of Boreogadus saida, a key Arctic food web fish. Physiological rates for cardio-respiratory functions as well as critical maximum temperature (T c,max ) for loss of equilibrium (LOE) were measured. The transition temperatures for these events (LOE, the rate of oxygen uptake and maximum heart rate) during acute warming were used to gauge phenotypic plasticity after thermal acclimation from 0.5°C up to 6.5°C for 1 month (respiratory and T c,max measurements) and 6 months (cardiac measurements). T c,max increased significantly by 2.3°C from 14.9°C to 17.1°C with thermal acclimation, while the optimum temperature for absolute aerobic scope increased by 4.5°C over the same range of thermal acclimation. Warm acclimation reset the maximum heart rate to a statistically lower rate, but the first Arrhenius breakpoint temperature during acute warming was unchanged. The hierarchy of transition temperatures was quantified at three acclimation temperatures and was fitted inside a Fry temperature tolerance polygon to better define ecologically relevant thermal limits to performance of B. saida. We conclude that B. saida can acclimate to 6.5°C water temperatures in the laboratory. However, at this acclimation temperature 50% of the fish were unable to recover from maximum swimming at the 8.5°C test temperature and their cardio-respiratory performance started to decline at water temperatures greater than 5.4°C. Such costs in performance may limit the ecological significance of B. saida acclimation potential.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acclimation potential of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida Lepechin) from the rapidly warming Arctic Ocean

Drost

Carmack

et al. 2016

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Advection from the sub-Arctic into the Arctic in both the Pacific and Atlantic sectors provides potential pathways of dispersal for planktonic eggs and larvae and facilitates the expansion of fish populations into a warming Arctic (Hollowed et al, 2013). The advection of warmer waters into the Arctic, combined with local warming, suggests that boreal fish species may increasingly outcompete cold-adapted, stenothermic (requiring a narrow range of ambient temperatures) species (Peck et al, 2004;Laurel et al, 2016aLaurel et al, , 2016b, resulting in a ''borealization" of the Arctic (Fossheim et al, 2015). Significant changes in the advection of zooplankton or ichthyoplankton under climate warming would cause changes in the populations of fish.…”

Section: Effects Of Advective Changes On Fishmentioning

confidence: 99%

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

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Drinkwater

Arrigo

et al. 2016

Progress in Oceanography

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a b s t r a c tWe compare and contrast the ecological impacts of atmospheric and oceanic circulation patterns on polar and sub-polar marine ecosystems. Circulation patterns differ strikingly between the north and south. Meridional circulation in the north provides connections between the sub-Arctic and Arctic despite the presence of encircling continental landmasses, whereas annular circulation patterns in the south tend to isolate Antarctic surface waters from those in the north. These differences influence fundamental aspects of the polar ecosystems from the amount, thickness and duration of sea ice, to the types of organisms, and the ecology of zooplankton, fish, seabirds and marine mammals. Meridional flows in both the North Pacific and the North Atlantic oceans transport heat, nutrients, and plankton northward into the Chukchi Sea, the Barents Sea, and the seas off the west coast of Greenland. In the North Atlantic, the advected heat warms the waters of the southern Barents Sea and, with advected nutrients and plankton, supports immense biomasses of fish, seabirds and marine mammals. On the Pacific side of the Arctic, cold waters flowing northward across the northern Bering and Chukchi seas during winter and spring limit the ability of boreal fish species to take advantage of high seasonal production there. Southward flow of cold Arctic waters into sub-Arctic regions of the North Atlantic occurs mainly through Fram Strait with less through the Barents Sea and the Canadian Archipelago. In the Pacific, the transport of Arctic waters and plankton southward through Bering Strait is minimal.In the Southern Ocean, the Antarctic Circumpolar Current and its associated fronts are barriers to the southward dispersal of plankton and pelagic fishes from sub-Antarctic waters, with the consequent evolution of Antarctic zooplankton and fish species largely occurring in isolation from those to the north. The Antarctic Circumpolar Current also disperses biota throughout the Southern Ocean, and as a result, the biota tends to be similar within a given broad latitudinal band. South of the Southern Boundary of the ACC, there is a large-scale divergence that brings nutrient-rich water to the surface. This divergence, along with more localized upwelling regions and deep vertical convection in winter, generates elevated nutrient levels throughout the Antarctic at the end of austral winter. However, such elevated nutrient levels do not support elevated phytoplankton productivity through the entire Southern Ocean, as iron concentrations are rapidly removed to limiting levels by spring blooms in deep waters. However, coastal http://dx

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“…The workshop was convened during the Ecosystem Studies of the Subarctic and Arctic Seas (ESSAS) Annual Science Meeting, 8-9 April 2014, in Copenhagen, Denmark. Four of the papers in this collection take a comparative approach across species: Bouchard et al (2016) compare the early life history of polar cod and Arctic cod, Laurel et al (2016) contrast the growth rates of four gadids in the North Pacific under different temperatures, Kunz et al (2016) compare growth of polar cod and Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) under different temperatures and CO 2 levels, and McNicholl et al (2015) compare diets of two potential competitors, polar cod and capelin (Mallotus villosus). A single paper focuses on saffron cod, specifically their trophic dynamics as inferred from several trophic biomarkers .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The ecology of gadid fishes in the circumpolar Arctic with a special emphasis on the polar cod (Boreogadus saida)

et al. 2016

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Temperature-dependent growth and behavior of juvenile Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida) and co-occurring North Pacific gadids

Cited by 115 publications

References 50 publications

Acclimation potential of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida Lepechin) from the rapidly warming Arctic Ocean

Acclimation potential of Arctic cod (Boreogadus saida Lepechin) from the rapidly warming Arctic Ocean

Advection in polar and sub-polar environments: Impacts on high latitude marine ecosystems

The ecology of gadid fishes in the circumpolar Arctic with a special emphasis on the polar cod (Boreogadus saida)

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