Dopants in nanowires, whether intentional or unintentional,
can
ultimately control the material’s properties and, therefore,
need to be understood on the atomic scale. We study vapor–liquid–solid
grown manganese-doped lead sulfide nanowires by atom-probe tomography
for the first time for lead salt materials. The three-dimensional
chemical concentration maps at the atomic scale demonstrate a radial
distribution profile of Mn ions, with a concentration of only 0.18
and 0.01 at. % for MnCl2 and Mn-acetate precursors, respectively.
The ability to characterize these small concentrations of dopant atoms
in Pb1–x
Mn
x
S nanowires (x = 0.0036 and 0.0002), important
for spintronic and thermoelectric devices, sets a platform for similar
analyses for all nanostructures. First-principles calculations confirm
that Mn atoms substitute for Pb in the PbS structure.