Temperature determination using thermo-sensitive tracers: Experimental validation in an isothermal column heat exchanger

Maier, Friedrich; Schaffer, Mario; Licha, Tobias

doi:10.1016/j.geothermics.2014.09.007

Cited by 17 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Well‐controlled systems are crucial in minimizing the number of processes occurring simultaneously in the system. This is of particular importance when proving the concept of novel (tracer) technologies such as the KIS‐TT (e.g., Maier et al, ; Schaffer et al, ). Column experiments are economical, easily understood scientific tools for the validation of theories and assumptions in the field of flow and transport in porous media.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Interface Sensitive Tracers: Experimental Validation in a Two‐Phase Flow Column Experiment. A Proof of Concept

Tatomir

Vriendt

Zhou

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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The quantification of the interfacial area between fluids in a multiphase system in porous media has been a subject of growing interest in disciplines where mass transfer across fluid interfaces is of importance. In this study, a proof of concept for a novel kinetic interface sensitive (KIS) tracer is provided by employing a simple, low-cost, well-controlled dynamic column experiment in conjunction with a macroscale two-phase flow reactive transport model. The steel column is filled with a well-characterized porous medium consisting of well-sorted normally distributed glass beads (d 50 = 240 μm). KIS tracers were designed to determine the specific interfacial area, a wn , between a nonwetting fluid and a wetting fluid, by evaluating the chemical reaction rates and mass transfer across the fluid-fluid interface. This study shows for the first time a general framework behind the use of KIS tracers and their potential in assessing the a wn for a known capillary pressure-saturation relationship under laboratory conditions. A two-phase flow four-component reactive transport and a two-phase flow two-component transport numerical model were developed to simulate the oil flooding of the initially water saturated column and tracer breakthrough curves obtained from experimental data. These breakthrough curves were subsequently used to approximate a wn using a polynomial relationship. The interpretation of the KIS tracer column experiments indicates that the range for maximum value of a wn is between 500 and 540 m 2 /m 3 . The results also show that despite the use of two independently synthesized tracers, if the reaction kinetics are well quantified, similar a wn values can be obtained.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Interface Sensitive Tracers: Experimental Validation in a Two‐Phase Flow Column Experiment. A Proof of Concept

Tatomir

Vriendt

Zhou

et al. 2018

Water Resources Research

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“…The failure of the studies was attributed to the poor determination of pH dependence and the lower boiling point of the tracer compounds compared to the reservoir temperature leading to vaporization. New attempts demonstrated the successful application in the laboratory [9] and in the field [138]. Other studies using classical tracers like fluorescein [139] or Amino G [132,133] were able to identify the reservoir temperatures.…”

Section: Thermo-sensitive Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies using classical tracers like fluorescein [139] or Amino G [132,133] were able to identify the reservoir temperatures. Currently, extensive research has been conducted to study structure-related kinetics of defined thermo-sensitive reactions with promising results [9,10,130,131,134].…”

Section: Thermo-sensitive Tracersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some basic hydraulic properties, such as flow velocity or porosity, can be obtained by tracer tests using conservative (non-reactive) tracer compounds. The combination of a conservative tracer with at least one reactive tracer is commonly applied in order to assess additional system parameters, such as residual saturation [5,6], microbial activity [7,8], or temperature distribution [9,10]. The unique features of reactive tracers could provide valuable information on physical, chemical, and/or biological properties of the hydrological system which surpasses the capability of conservative tracers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Solute Reactive Tracers for Hydrogeological Applications: A Short Review and Future Prospects

Cao¹,

Schaffer²,

Taherdangkoo

et al. 2020

Water

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Tracer testing is a mature technology used for characterizing aquatic flow systems. To gain more insights from tracer tests a combination of conservative (non-reactive) tracers together with at least one reactive tracer is commonly applied. The reactive tracers can provide unique information about physical, chemical, and/or biological properties of aquatic systems. Although, previous review papers provide a wide coverage on conservative tracer compounds there is no systematic review on reactive tracers yet, despite their extensive development during the past decades. This review paper summarizes the recent development in compounds and compound classes that are exploitable and/or have been used as reactive tracers, including their systematization based on the underlying process types to be investigated. Reactive tracers can generally be categorized into three groups: (1) partitioning tracers, (2) kinetic tracers, and (3) reactive tracers for partitioning. The work also highlights the potential for future research directions. The recent advances from the development of new tailor-made tracers might overcome existing limitations.

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“…Moreover, depending on reaction kinetics, most chemical modifications of molecules do not have a sharp threshold and it may be hard to distinguish between e.g., long exposure of the tracer to a moderate temperature and short exposure to a high temperature. For example, a work by Maier et al 13 demonstrates the intricate relationship between the hydrolization of thermo-sensitive tracers at temperatures ranging from 40 to 60 °C and the time of exposure to the relevant temperature. A meaningful interpretation of smart tracer experiments requires a priori knowledge of the reservoir parameters such as flow rate, temperature, pH or length of the flow path that is often lacking.…”

Section: Development Of Thermo-reporting Nanoparticles For Accurate Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of thermo-reporting nanoparticles for accurate sensing of geothermal reservoir conditions

Rudolph

Berson

Nitschke

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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The inaccessibility of geological reservoirs, both for oil and gas production or geothermal usage, makes detection of reservoir properties and conditions a key problem in the field of reservoir engineering, including for the development of geothermal power plants. Herein, an approach is presented for the development of messenger nanoparticles for the determination of reservoir conditions, with a proof of concept example of temperature detection under controlled laboratory conditions. Silica particles are synthesized with a two-layer architecture, an inner enclosed core and an outer porous shell, each doped with a different fluorescent dye to create a dual emission system. Temperature detection happens by a threshold temperature-triggered irreversible release of the outer dye, thus changing the fluorescence signal of the particles. The reported particle system consequently enables a direct, reliable and fast way to determine reservoir temperature. It also displays a sharp threshold for accurate sensing and allows detection at concentration ranges as low as few nanograms of nanoparticles per milliliter.

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Temperature determination using thermo-sensitive tracers: Experimental validation in an isothermal column heat exchanger

Cited by 17 publications

References 16 publications

Kinetic Interface Sensitive Tracers: Experimental Validation in a Two‐Phase Flow Column Experiment. A Proof of Concept

Kinetic Interface Sensitive Tracers: Experimental Validation in a Two‐Phase Flow Column Experiment. A Proof of Concept

Solute Reactive Tracers for Hydrogeological Applications: A Short Review and Future Prospects

Development of thermo-reporting nanoparticles for accurate sensing of geothermal reservoir conditions

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