Temperature development in structural stainless steel sections exposed to fire

Gardner, Leroy; Ng, K.T.

doi:10.1016/j.firesaf.2005.11.009

Cited by 121 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The two-stage Ramberg-Osgood expression [45,46] adopted in EN 1993-1-4 [29] for the description of the stress-strain response of stainless steel at room temperature is an extension of the original single stage expression developed by Ramberg and Osgood [1] and modified by Hill [2]. In the two-stage model, the original Ramberg-Osgood expression, given by Eq.…”

Section: Room Temperature Stress-strain Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The physical and mechanical properties of stainless steels at room temperature, and at elevated temperatures, also differ from carbon steel. Stainless steels generally retain more of their room temperature strength than carbon steel above temperatures of about 550C, and more of their stiffness than carbon steel across the whole temperature range [1,2]. Although there have been a number of investigations into the performance of stainless steel flat material at elevated temperatures, data on the performance of stainless steel reinforcing bar at elevated temperatures are scarce and no information is given in EN 1992-1-2, the Eurocode dealing with the performance of concrete structures at elevated temperatures [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevated temperature material properties of stainless steel reinforcing bar

Gardner

Francis

et al. 2016

Construction and Building Materials

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Corrosion of carbon steel reinforcing bar can lead to deterioration of concrete structures, especially in regions where road salt is heavily used or in areas close to sea water. Although stainless steel reinforcing bar costs more than carbon steel, its selective use for high risk elements is cost-effective when the whole life costs of the structure are taken into account. Considerations for specifying stainless steel reinforcing bars and a review of applications are presented herein. Attention is then given to the elevated temperature properties of stainless steel reinforcing bars, which are needed for structural fire design, but have been unexplored to date. A programme of isothermal and anisothermal tensile tests on four types of stainless steel reinforcing bar is described: 1.4307 (304L), 1.4311 (304LN), 1.4162 (LDX 2101  ) and 1.4362 (2304). Bars of diameter 12 mm and 16 mm were studied, plain round and ribbed. Reduction factors were calculated for the key strength, stiffness and ductility properties and compared to equivalent factors for stainless steel plate and strip, as well as those for carbon steel reinforcement. The test results demonstrate that the reduction factors for 0.2% proof strength, strength at 2% strain and ultimate strength derived for stainless steel plate and strip can also be applied to stainless steel reinforcing bar. Revised reduction factors for ultimate strain and fracture strain at elevated temperatures have been proposed. The ability of two-stage Ramberg-Osgood expressions to capture accurately the stress-strain response of stainless steel reinforcement at both room temperature and elevated temperatures is also demonstrated.

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Section: Room Temperature Stress-strain Curvesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated temperature material properties of stainless steel reinforcing bar

Gardner

Francis

et al. 2016

Construction and Building Materials

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“…The general influence of residual stresses on structural members is to cause premature yielding and loss of stiffness, which can significantly deteriorate load carrying capacity. The physical and thermal properties of stainless steel differ from those of carbon steel, hence residual stress patterns and magnitudes arising in structural sections may differ [28]. A number of studies have involved the examination of residual stresses in cold-formed stainless steel sections [29][30][31][32][33][34] whilst fewer have addressed welded stainless steel sections [35,36].…”

Section: Residual Stressesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-section stability of lean duplex stainless steel welded I-sections

Saliba¹,

Gardner²

2013

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

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114

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Despite growing interest in the use of stainless steel in construction and the development of a number of national and regional design codes, stainless steel is often still regarded as only suitable for specialised applications. This is partly due to the high initial material cost associated with the most commonly adopted austenitic grades. The initial material cost of stainless steel is largely controlled by the alloy content, in particular the level of nickel, which is around 8% -10% for the common austenitic grades. A recently developed grade, known as lean duplex stainless steel (EN 1.4162), has a far lower nickel content, around 1.5%, and hence lower cost. Despite the low nickel content, it possesses higher strength than the common austenitic stainless steels, along with good corrosion resistance and high temperature properties and adequate weldability and fracture toughness. The structural performance of lean duplex stainless steel remains relatively unexplored to date with only a few studies having been performed. For this reason, an experimental and analytical research programme investigating the structural characteristics of lean duplex stainless steel was initiated.The present paper summarizes the laboratory tests performed on lean duplex stainless steel welded I-sections. The experiments include material testing, stub column tests and

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“…A brief overview of the thermal properties of carbon steel and stainless steel , with an emphasis on the austenitic grades, these being the most widely adopted in construction, is reported herein; a more detailed account is available elsewhere [14].…”

Section: Thermal Properties Of Carbon Steel and Stainless Steelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevated temperature material properties of stainless steel alloys

Gardner

Insausti

Ng³

et al. 2010

Journal of Constructional Steel Research

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229

119

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Appropriate assessment of the fire resistance of structures depends largely on the ability to accurately predict the material response at elevated temperature. The material characteristics of stainless steel differ from those of carbon steel due to the high alloy content. These differences have been explored in some detail at room temperature, whilst those at elevated temperatures have been less closely scrutinised. This paper presents an overview and reappraisal of previous pertinent research, together with an evaluation of existing elevated temperature stainless steel stress-strain test data and previously proposed material models. On the basis of examination of all available test data, much of which have been recently generated, revised strength and stiffness reduction factors at elevated temperatures for a range of grades of stainless steel have been proposed, including four grades not previously covered by existing structural fire design guidance. A total of eight sets of strength reduction factors are currently provided for different grades of stainless steel in EN 1993-1-2 and the Euro Inox/ SCI Design Manual for Structural Stainless Steel, compared to a single set for carbon steel. A number of sets of reduction factors is appropriate for stainless steel since the elevated temperature properties can vary markedly between different grades, but this has to be justified with sufficient test data and balanced against ease of design -it has been proposed herein that the eight sets of reduction factors be rationalised on the basis of Gardner, L., Insausti, A., Ng, K. T. and Ashraf, M. (2010) . Elevated temperature material properties of stainless steel alloys. Journal of Constructional Steel Research. 66(5), 634-647.

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Temperature development in structural stainless steel sections exposed to fire

Cited by 121 publications

References 12 publications

Elevated temperature material properties of stainless steel reinforcing bar

Elevated temperature material properties of stainless steel reinforcing bar

Cross-section stability of lean duplex stainless steel welded I-sections

Elevated temperature material properties of stainless steel alloys

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