Temperature effect on the mechanical behavior of shale: Implication for shale gas production

Vishal, Vikram; Rizwan, Mohammad; Mahanta, Bankim; Pradhan, Sarada Prasad; Singh, T. N.

doi:10.1016/j.geogeo.2022.100078

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Besides salinity, hydraulic retention time, and biofilm formation, whose effects were evaluated in the present study, there are other strong drivers of plasma membrane lipid chemistry adjustments in fractured shale microbes, including temperature and pressure. The downhole temperature and pressure of fractured shale reservoirs vary depending on formation characteristics and operating parameters and fluctuate over time during and after well development ( 56 , 57 ). This drives adaptive morphological and physiological remodeling in the inhabitant microbiome.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in environmental and engineered conditions alter the plasma membrane lipidome of fractured shale bacteria

Ugwuodo,

Colosimo,

Adhikari

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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Microorganisms that persist in fractured shale reservoirs cause several problems including secreting foul gases and forming biofilms. Current biocontrol measures often fail due to limited knowledge of their in situ activities. The plasma membrane protects the cell, mediates many of its critical functions, and responds to intracellular cues and ecological perturbations through physicochemical modifications. As such, it provides valuable insight into the physiological adaptation of microorganisms in disturbed environmental systems. Here, we (i) demonstrate how changes in salinity and hydraulic retention time (HRT) influence the plasma membrane intact polar lipid (IPL) chemistry of model bacterium, Halanaerobium congolense WG10, and mixed microbial consortia enriched from shale-produced fluids and (ii) elucidate adjustments in membrane IPL chemistry during biofilm growth relative to planktonic cells. We incubated H. congolense WG10 in chemostats under three salinities (7%, 13%, and 20% NaCl), operated under three HRTs (19.2, 24, and 48 h), and in drip flow biofilm reactors under the same salinity gradients. Also, mixed microbial consortia in produced fluids were enriched in triplicate chemostat vessels under three HRTs (19.2, 24, and 72 h) and biofilm reactors. Lipids were analyzed by ultra high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Our results show that phosphatidylglycerols, cardiolipins, and phosphatidylethanolamines were predominantly enriched in planktonic H. congolense WG10 cells grown at hypersalinity (20%) compared to optimum (13%). In addition, several zwitterionic phosphatidylcholines and phosphatidylethanolamines were higher in abundance during biofilm growth. These observations suggest that microbial adaptation and biofilm formation in fractured shale are enabled by strategic plasma membrane IPL chemistry adjustments. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms inadvertently introduced into the shale reservoir during fracturing face multiple stressors including brine-level salinities and starvation. However, some anaerobic halotolerant bacteria adapt and persist for long periods of time. They produce hydrogen sulfide, which sours the reservoir and corrodes engineering infrastructure. In addition, they form biofilms on rock matrices, which decrease shale permeability and clog fracture networks. These reduce well productivity and increase extraction costs. Under stress, microbes remodel their plasma membrane to optimize its roles in protection and mediating cellular processes such as signaling, transport, and energy metabolism. Hence, by observing changes in the membrane lipidome of model shale bacteria, Halanaerobium congolense WG10, and mixed consortia enriched from produced fluids under varying subsurface conditions and growth modes, we provide insight that advances our knowledge of the fractured shale biosystem. We also offer data-driven recommendations for improving biocontrol efficacy and the efficiency of energy recovery from unconventional formations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in environmental and engineered conditions alter the plasma membrane lipidome of fractured shale bacteria

Ugwuodo,

Colosimo,

Adhikari

et al. 2024

Microbiol Spectr

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“…Zhu et al (2021) simulated the effect of microwave heating in shales using a fully coupled thermohydraulic-mechanical-chemical (THMC) model and concluded that the thermal stress in shales increases sharply during early stage of progressive heating and then reduces gradually [29]. Heating beyond 100 ⁰C also induces microcracks in shales, thereby causing loss of strength properties [30]. Extreme heating of shales up to 900 ⁰C shows morphological changes in organic matter along with dihydroxylation of clay minerals and decomposition of calcite [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pore morphology in thermally-treated shales and its implication on CO2 storage applications: A gas sorption, SEM, and small-angle scattering study

Chandra

Bakshi

Bahadur

et al. 2023

Fuel

Self Cite

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“…Due to simple operation and easy machining, a three-point bending experiment is always used to measure the fracture toughness of materials. Numerous scholars have studied the effects of sample size [30], incision-to-depth ratio [31][32][33], loading rate [34], temperature [35,36], and bedding angle [37,38] on the fracture parameters of quasi-brittle materials. Agioutantis et al [8] through the acoustic emission technology detected the crack evolution of marble under three-point bending conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiscale Pore Structure Characteristics and Crack Propagation Behavior of Coal Samples from High Gas Seam

Zhu

Shao

et al. 2022

Materials

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Investigation on the pore-fracture features and crack propagation behavior of coal is necessary to prevent coal mine disasters. The pore structure features of coal samples taken from high gas seam were obtained by mercury injection porosimetry (MIP) and gas adsorption methods. The process of deformation and failure for coal samples under three-point bending conditions were obtained. The results demonstrate that the adsorption pores with diameter less than 100 nm are the most developed and their surfaces are the roughest (the average surface fractal dimension Ds is 2.933). The surface of micro-cracks is smoother (Ds is 2.481), which is conducive to gas seepage. It may be the explanation for that 14-3# coal seam is a high gas seam, while there was almost no gas outburst accident so far. At the initial stage of crack propagation, the main crack on the coal sample expanded along the direction of the natural cracks. In the process of crack propagation, the surface fractal dimension of the main crack increased, suggesting that the bending degree of the main crack enhanced. The brittle characteristics of coal samples can be reflected by the ratio of the dissipated energy to the accumulated energy.

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Temperature effect on the mechanical behavior of shale: Implication for shale gas production

Cited by 20 publications

References 40 publications

Changes in environmental and engineered conditions alter the plasma membrane lipidome of fractured shale bacteria

Changes in environmental and engineered conditions alter the plasma membrane lipidome of fractured shale bacteria

Pore morphology in thermally-treated shales and its implication on CO2 storage applications: A gas sorption, SEM, and small-angle scattering study

Multiscale Pore Structure Characteristics and Crack Propagation Behavior of Coal Samples from High Gas Seam

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