Temperature Effects and Entropy Generation of Pressure Retarded Osmosis Process

Abdelkader, Bassel A.; Sharqawy, Mostafa H.

doi:10.3390/e21121158

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The other common module used in PRO systems is the spiral wound module (SWM) which is more suitable for use in large-scale plants since it has a large membrane-area-to Figure 6. PRO performance from experimental and numerical investigations of a single flat sheet membrane module [25,26,28,38,42,43,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. The data used in this figure are summarized in Table 2.…”

Section: Spiral Wound Module (Swm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Challenges Facing Pressure Retarded Osmosis Commercialization: A Short Review

Abdelkader

Sharqawy

2022

Energies

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Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising technology that harvests salinity gradient energy. Even though PRO has great power-generating potential, its commercialization is currently facing many challenges. In this regard, this review highlights the discrepancies between the reported power density obtained by lab-scale PRO systems, as well as numerical investigations, and the significantly low power density values obtained by PRO pilot plants. This difference in performance is mainly due to the effect of a pressure drop and the draw pressure effect on the feed channel hydrodynamics, which have significant impacts on large-scale modules; however, it has a minor or no effect on small-scale ones. Therefore, this review outlines the underlying causes of the high power density values obtained by lab-scale PRO systems and numerical studies. Moreover, other challenges impeding PRO commercialization are discussed, including the effect of concentration polarization, the solution temperature, the pressure drop, and the draw pressure effect on the feed channel hydrodynamics. In conclusion, this review sheds valuable insights on the issues facing PRO commercialization and suggests recommendations that can facilitate the successful development of PRO power plants.

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Section: Spiral Wound Module (Swm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6. PRO performance from experimental and numerical investigations of a single fl membrane module [25,26,28,38,42,43,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60]. The data used in this figure are summarized i Reference source not found..…”

Section: Spiral Wound Module (Swm)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Challenges Facing Pressure Retarded Osmosis Commercialization: A Short Review

Abdelkader

Sharqawy

2022

Energies

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“…Their proposed model using S eff still deviates significantly from real FO operations. Abdelkader and Sharqawy [19] correlated the S parameter of the membrane with temperature by constant membrane properties. Little effort has been made with regards to the interaction between the membrane morphology-solution and temperature, even though it is believed to play a significant role in influencing the S int [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving the Structural Parameter of the Membrane Sublayer for Enhanced Forward Osmosis

2021

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The structural (S) parameter of a medium is used to represent the mass transport resistance of an asymmetric membrane. In this study, we aimed to fabricate a membrane sublayer using a novel composition to improve the S parameter for enhanced forward osmosis (FO). Thin film composite (TFC) membranes using polyamide (PA) as an active layer and different polysulfone:polyethersulfone (PSf:PES) supports as sublayers were prepared via the phase inversion technique, followed by interfacial polymerization. The membrane made with a PSf:PES ratio of 2:3 was observed to have the lowest contact angle (CA) with the highest overall porosity. It also had the highest water permeability (A; 3.79 ± 1.06 L m−2 h−1 bar−1) and salt permeability (B; 8.42 ± 2.34 g m−2 h−1), as well as a good NaCl rejection rate of 74%. An increase in porosity at elevated temperatures from 30 to 40 °C decreased Sint from 184 ± 4 to 159 ± 2 μm. At elevated temperatures, significant increases in the water flux from 13.81 to 42.86 L m−2 h−1 and reverse salt flux (RSF) from 12.74 to 460 g m−2 h−1 occur, reducing Seff from 152 ± 26 to 120 ± 14 μm. Sint is a temperature-dependent parameter, whereas Seff can only be reduced in a high-water- permeability membrane at elevated temperatures.

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“…Despite the popular perception that these driving pressures do not have the same effects on different types of membrane-based desalting systems, theoretical studies on this topic have seldom been conducted. Most recent studies have focused on the impacts of driving pressures on membrane parameters [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ] or on the dependence of osmotic pressure on system temperature [ 14 , 15 ]. Since the mathematical relation between driving pressures can clearly help optimize membrane-based desalting systems and allow for an analysis of the impacts of driving pressures on membrane-based desalting systems, finding this relation is highly advisable.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theoretical Analysis of a Mathematical Relation between Driving Pressures in Membrane-Based Desalting Processes

Chae

Kim

2021

Membranes

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Osmotic and hydraulic pressures are both indispensable for operating membrane-based desalting processes, such as forward osmosis (FO), pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO), and reverse osmosis (RO). However, a clear relation between these driving pressures has not thus far been identified; hence, the effect of change in driving pressures on systems has not yet been sufficiently analyzed. In this context, this study formulates an actual mathematical relation between the driving pressures of membrane-based desalting processes by taking into consideration the presence of energy loss in each driving pressure. To do so, this study defines the pseudo-driving pressures representing the water transport direction of a system and the similarity coefficients that quantify the energy conservation rule. Consequently, this study finds three other theoretical constraints that are required to operate membrane-based desalting processes. Furthermore, along with the features of the similarity coefficients, this study diagnoses the commercial advantage of RO over FO/PRO and suggests desirable optimization sequences applicable to each process. Since this study provides researchers with guidelines regarding optimization sequences between membrane parameters and operational parameters for membrane-based desalting processes, it is expected that detailed optimization strategies for the processes could be established.

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Temperature Effects and Entropy Generation of Pressure Retarded Osmosis Process

Cited by 12 publications

References 36 publications

Challenges Facing Pressure Retarded Osmosis Commercialization: A Short Review

Challenges Facing Pressure Retarded Osmosis Commercialization: A Short Review

Improving the Structural Parameter of the Membrane Sublayer for Enhanced Forward Osmosis

Theoretical Analysis of a Mathematical Relation between Driving Pressures in Membrane-Based Desalting Processes

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