Temperature effects of silane coupling on moisture treated silica surface

Abstract

Moisture and temperature effects were investigated on silica/(triethoxysilylpropyl) disulfide (TESPD)/carbon black (CB)/S-SBR compounds with respect to processability, vulcanization characteristics, physical properties, and alcohol residues. The moisture-treated compounds exhibited lower rates of viscous heat generation during mixing, lower discharging temperatures (drop temperatures), lower Mooney viscosities, shorter cure times (T c -90), higher torque rises (M H Ϫ M L ), less heat build ups (HBU), and equal or less alcohol residues than the control. As the drop temperatures of the compound were increased, decreased temperature differences between mixer sensor (set drop) and real (proven) temperatures, increased the scorch times (T s -2), decreased the cure times (T c -90), increased the tensile moduli, and decreased the alcohol residues remaining in the compound. The higher temperature drop compounds (160 and 176°C) exhibited no reversion behavior; however, the lower temperature (120 and 140°C) drop compounds exhibited marching behavior. The treatment of moisture on the silica surface influenced the hydrolysis reaction to the silane and improved coupling on the silica surface. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 95: 623-633, 2005

Effects of rubber/filler interactions on deformation behavior of silica filled SBR systems

“…Thus silica filled rubber systems are suitable for the investigation of chain scission of rubber molecules during the deformation. For silica filled rubber systems, the rubber/filler interactions can be controlled by the introduction of coupling agent [21][22][23].…”

Moisture effects on improved hydrolysis reaction for TESPT and TESPD-silica compounds

“…The TESPT compounds (S4/5, S4/55) exhibited higher alcohol level than the TESPD compounds (S2/5, S2/55), respectively on both untreated and treated compounds. This is interesting because we had expected that the TESPT compounds would show lower alcohol level than the TESPD compounds due to higher drop temperature as in the case of TESPD [31]. We showed that the alcohol residue of the TESPD-160 • C-drop compound was lower than that of the TESPD-120 • C-drop one [31].…”

“…This also confirms further reaction of the alkoxy group from the moisture remaining on the silica particles. We previously observed that the alcohol residues remaining in the compound decreased as the drop temperature increased [30][31][32][33]. Figure 9 shows the comparison of alcohol residue levels of the TESPT and the TESPD compounds measured from MB1.…”

Effects of Accelerators on the Vulcanization Properties of Silica vs. Carbon Black Filled Natural Rubber Compounds

“…And then they formed a 3-dimensional network structure between silica and rubber chain. 14,21,[35][36][37]60 Overall, comparing the silica/NR and the CB/NR compounds with various accelerators, the t s2 , t 10 , and t 90 values of the silica filled compounds showed longer than those of the CB filled ones, respectively. This was due to polar characteristic of silica surface 53 and water molecules in the compound.…”

“…5 After Thurn et al 11 first discovered the use of silica in combination with bis(3-triethoxysilylpropyl) tetrasulfane (TESPT) and natural rubber (NR), Rauline patented this for practical 'green tire' application in 1992. 12 Since then, considerable efforts have been made on studies of silica-silane reinforcement in rubber compounds, 13 silica dispersion, [14][15][16][17][18] silica-silane reaction, 14,15,[19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27] silane-rubber reaction, 28-30 zinc ion-, 25,31-34 moisture-, 35,36 temperature-, 37 and accelerator effects on vulcanization properties, 38,39 effects of processing geometry, 18 and effects of polymer blends. 26,27,40,41 † To whom correspondence should be addressed.…”