Temperature Effects on Take-all of Cereals Caused by<i>Phialophora graminicola</i>and<i>Gaeumannomyces graminis</i>

Smiley, Richard W.; Fowler, M. Craven; Reynolds, K. L.

doi:10.1094/phyto-76-923

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…This temperature was chosen according to the recommendation of Smiley et al (1986) and to approach the average soil temperature at 10 cm depth during April to June at Bushland, Texas.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of take-all disease on gas-exchange rates and biomass in two winter wheat lines with different drought response

et al. 2005

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There have been no studies of the effect of take-all on leaf gas-exchange rates, despite the fact that take-all severely restricts plant water and nutrient uptake, which results in significant biomass and grain yield reduction. Here we describe the effect of inoculation with Gaeumannomyces graminis (Sacc.) var. tritici (Ggt) on carbon assimilation rate (A) and biomass production of wheat plants grown under two water regimes. We show that the impact of Ggt inoculation on plant growth and leaf A may be through reduced photosynthetic capacity of the leaves and not water stress per se. The nature of this reduced photosynthetic capacity remains uncertain but may involve nutrient deficiency and different enzymes produced by the fungus. In each of the 3 years the experiment was conducted, Ggt significantly reduced A, i.e. at anthesis by 18% in 2000, 15% in 2001, and 12% in 2002. In agreement with other field studies, Ggt reduced tiller number and production of all plant components, mostly root dry mass and grain mass per plant. Highly significant negative correlations were found between disease rating and A in all years, showing that at disease ratings equal or higher than 3 (on a scale from 1 to 4) A could practically be zero. While A decreased, intercellular CO 2 concentration increased or did not change, and stomatal conductance was relatively high. In addition, A was more reduced under high than under low soil moisture content. These results support the idea that water stress per se did not contribute to the observed reduction of A. The mechanism of photosynthetic capacity reduction due to the Ggt root-rotting fungus is of interest as it may lead to the molecular mechanisms of plant resistance and ultimately to the development of take-all resistant plants.

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“…This temperature was chosen according to the recommendation of Smiley et al (1986) and to approach the average soil temperature at 10 cm depth during April to June at Bushland, Texas.…”

Section: Plant Materials and Growth Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of take-all disease on gas-exchange rates and biomass in two winter wheat lines with different drought response

et al. 2005

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“…It is mentioned that apart from G. graminis, other dematiaceous fungi such as Phiallophora sp. and nonpathogenic Gaeumannomyces may cause takeall disease symptoms such as blackened roots, stunted plant growth and whiteheads, either alone or in combination with G. graminis in wheat and other affected cereals (Smiely et al, 1986). In wheat plants presented take-all disease symptoms in Moghan fields, production of perithecia were not shown on affected wheat roots and crowns.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wheat crown and root rotting fungi in Moghan area, Northwest of Iran

Hajieghrari¹

2009

Afr. J. Biotechnol.

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Wheat root and crown rot (Triticum aestivum L.) is a disease problem in many wheat producing area as well as Moghan wheat growing area, Northwest of Iran. In this study, injured plants of wheat with blighting, stunting, and death of mature plants, also necrotic lesions on seminal crown roots, sub crown internodes and crown, as well as basal stem tissue symptoms were collected from different regions of Moghan wheat growing area. Fungi associated with wheat root and crown rot were isolated and identified based on general colony morphology, the morphology of mycelia, reproductive structure and taxonomic description. Also pathogenicity of 28 selected isolates from various identified species was determined on wheat (T. aestivum L. CV. Atila 4; a common grown cultivar of wheat in Moghan area) seedlings. The results indicated that the predominant pathogens implicated in causing common root and crown rot in this study was Bipolaris sorokiniana. In addition to B. sorokiniana, Fusarium culmorum, Fusarium Pseudograminearum and Gaeumannomyces/Phiallophora complex are the most widely distributed species on wheat growing belt in Moghan area. Fusarium solani, Fusarium crookwellence, Fusarium clamidosporum, Fusarium proliferatum, Fusarium poa, Fusarium udum and Fusarium babinda are wheat root associated species of Fusarium ascertained during our investigation. Pathogenicity test revealed that B. sorokiniana, F. culmorum, F. graminearum, F. crookwellence, F. udum and Gaeumannomyces/Phiallophora complex are active pathogens and others are saprophytes, which are also involved in the destruction of root tissues, without being the cause of injury.

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